Revisiting the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD |
| |
Authors: | Sarah W. Ball Stephen E. Gilman Eric Mick Michael L. Ganz Larry J. Seidman Stephen L. Buka |
| |
Affiliation: | a Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA b Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA c Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA d Abt Associates, Inc., 55 Wheeler St., Cambridge, MA, USA e Abt Bio-Pharma Solutions, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA f Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA g Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA h Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence RI, USA i Commonwealth Research Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA |
| |
Abstract: | ObjectiveStudies examining the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the development of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among offspring have yielded mixed results, with some studies suggesting a strong association and others finding no association. These studies have varied in quality of design and measures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring ADHD, using detailed prospective smoking data and subsequent follow-up data from the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP).MethodMaternal smoking status was collected throughout pregnancy during the original CPP study. Offspring were followed-up in early adulthood and questioned about ADHD symptoms and diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to model the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD. Linear and logistic regression were used to examine clinical characteristics and remission rates associated with ADHD in relation to maternal smoking.ResultsNo association was found between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring ADHD. Further, no differences in age of onset, number of symptoms, or likelihood of remission were found among ADHD subjects with and without a history of maternal smoking during pregnancy.ConclusionsThese findings do not support the hypothesis that maternal smoking during pregnancy is causally related to ADHD. Ongoing research should continue to strive to identify those environmental or genetic factors that may enhance the impact of maternal smoking on ADHD or that may be associated more clearly with the development and potential prevention of ADHD. |
| |
Keywords: | ADHD Maternal smoking Pregnancy Etiology Epidemiology |
本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录! |
|