不同炮制品肉豆蔻挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的：分析不同炮制品(蒸制、面煨、面炒、滑石粉煨、土煨和麸煨)肉豆蔻挥发油的化学成分,为其质量评价提供科学依据。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用GC毛细管柱色谱法进行分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。结果：分别检出58～104个色谱峰,鉴定出76个化合物,占挥发油总量的98.32%～99.99%。其中,单萜类化合物占挥发油总量的69.15%～97.24%,芳香类化合物占挥发油总量的2.06%～25.51%。结论：印度尼西亚产肉豆蔻及其炮制品挥发油中的主要成分为单萜类化合物及其衍生物；芳香类化合物为次要化学成分。挥发油中存在致动物基因毒性和突变性物质黄樟醚和α-细辛醚、致幻物质肉豆蔻醚和榄香脂素,提示肉豆蔻的使用应慎重。肉豆蔻炮制技术中,麸煨有可取之处,有发展前途。

GC-MS analysis of essential oil from Nutmeg processed by different traditional methods

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the chemical components of the essential oil extracted from the seeds of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) processed by different methods (steamed with water steam, roasted with flour, sauted with flour, roasted with talcum powder, roasted with loess, and roasted with bran) and to provide quality control foundations in the sciences. METHOD: The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and separated with GC capillary column. The relative content of every compound was determined with area normalization method and the structures were elucidated by GC-MS technique. RESULT: Fifty-eight to one hundred and four of chromatographic peaks were detected, among them seventy-six compounds accounting for 98.32% to 99.99% of the total essential oil in nutmeg were identified, which were composed of 69.15% to 97.24% for monoterpenoids and 2.06% to 25.51% for aromatic compounds of the total essential oil, respectively. CONCLUSION: It was shown that monoterpenoids and their derivatives were main composition, and aromatic compounds were secondary composition in the total essential oil of nutmeg grows in Indonesia and processed by different traditional methods on the basis of theory of traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, it was suggested that we should be careful to use processed nutmeg owing to contain safrole and a-asarone induced genetoxicity in animals and mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella assay, and myristicin and elemicin induced narcotism in human. The processed method roasted with bran for nutmeg may be better and will be developed.