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Iron intake, red cell indicators of iron status, and DNA damage in young subjects
Authors:Daniel Prá  ,Angelica Bortoluzzi,Luiza Louzada Mü  ller,Liziane Hermes,Jorge André   Horta,Sharbel Weidner Maluf,Joã  o Antonio Pê  gas Henriques,Michael Fenech,Silvia Isabel Rech Franke
Affiliation:a PPG em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Río Grande do Sul, Brazil
b Nutrigenomics and Genome Health Laboratory, CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, SA, Australia
c PPG em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rió Grande do Sul, Brazil
d Curso de Nutrição/DEDFIS, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Río Grande do Sul, Brazil
e Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Río Grande do Sul, Brazil
f Instituto de Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Abstract:

Objective

This study evaluated the association between primary DNA damage and chromosomal damage with iron intake and red blood cell parameters of iron status in a sample of healthy children and adolescents from a low-socioeconomic community.

Methods

The level of primary DNA damage was assessed using an alkaline comet assay and the level of chromosomal damage was assessed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. A automated complete blood count was used to evaluate red blood cell status. The intake of iron was measured using a food-recall questionnaire.

Results

According to hemoglobin levels, only 1 of the 30 subjects evaluated was anemic. Nevertheless, 43% of the sampled subjects showed decreased mean corpuscular volume in addition to an increased amount of primary DNA damage (P < 0.05). Mean corpuscular volume was negatively correlated with primary DNA damage (r = −0.429, P = 0.020) but not with chromosomal damage. The association between iron and primary DNA damage showed a U-shaped curve, indicating that an intake of approximately 15 mg of iron per day (up to two-fold of the dietary recommended intake) could minimize primary DNA damage in this age group. The frequency of micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges, indicators of chromosomal breakage/loss and chromosomal end-fusions, respectively, showed a negative correlation with iron intake. These results indicate that an intake of iron >15 mg/d could increase genomic stability in binucleated lymphocytes of the same group.

Conclusion

An intake of iron ≥15 mg/d can decrease DNA damage in young subjects.
Keywords:DNA damage   Micronucleus   Anemia   Iron   Micronutrients
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