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Opportunities and barriers to effective operation and maintenance of public toilets in informal settlements: perspectives from toilet operators in Kampala
Authors:Tonny Ssekamatte  John Bosco Isunju  Bonny Enock Balugaba  Doreen Nakirya  Jimmy Osuret  Patience Mguni
Affiliation:1. Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda;2. Department of Environmental Management, School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences;3. Environmental Policy group, Wageningen University &4. Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
Abstract:Although classified by the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) as unimproved sanitation facilities, public toilets still play a critical role in eliminating open defecation in informal settlements. We explored perspectives of toilet operators on opportunities and barriers to operation and maintenance (O&M) of public toilets in informal settlements. A cross-sectional study design was used. Up to 20 in-depth interviews were used to obtain data on the experiences of public toilet operators. Thematic content analysis was used.

Ressults show that opportunities for improving O&M include; operation of public toilets is a source of livelihood; operators are knowledgeable on occupational risks, and the community is involvedin sanitation activities. Barriers to effective O&M include; high operation costs, failure to break even and a lack of investments in occupational health Therefore, there is need to recognise the significance of public toilets as a viable alternative to open defecation in areas where ownership of private sanitation facilities is difficult. Failure to observe the health and safety of toilet operators may further compromise O&M.

Keywords:Sanitation  occupational hazards  exposure  risk  hygiene
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