Measuring empowerment among people living with HIV: a systematic review of available measures and their properties |
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Authors: | Vanessa Cooper Jane Clatworthy Richard Harding EmERGE Consortium |
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Affiliation: | 1. The Lawson Unit, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK;2. Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Cicely Saunders Institute, London, UK |
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Abstract: | A systematic review was conducted to identify and appraise measures of empowerment used in peer-reviewed research with people living with HIV. Thirty articles reporting on 12 scales were identified via keyword and citation searches of electronic databases and hand searching of reference lists. The instruments captured a wide range of constructs, including self-efficacy, perceived knowledge/information seeking, self-management behaviours, belief in an active patient role and tolerance of uncertainty. While the majority of instruments were focused exclusively on self-efficacy to manage HIV, the Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13 and PAM-22) and the Health Empowerment Inventory were broader in scope. Most of the identified measures had acceptable construct validity, however there were insufficient data to determine the reliability or responsiveness of many of the scales. The findings highlight the need for a more concrete definition of empowerment and for further validation of existing measures with people living with HIV. |
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Keywords: | Empowerment HIV systematic review self-efficacy patient activation |
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