区域性大型活动卫生保障游泳场所风险评价指标及模型的建立

目的探讨区域性大型活动卫生保障游泳场所风险评价指标,建立风险评价模型,为区域性大型活动游泳场所的事先遴选和开展游泳场所卫生保障工作提供科学依据。方法采用Delphi专家咨询法研究确定游泳场所卫生保障风险评价指标体系及其权重;采用综合指数法建立线性风险评价模型。结果 30名咨询专家的平均从业经历为（19.80±6.90）年,两轮的应答率均为100%,权威系数均为0.91±0.07,Kendall协调系数分别为0.614（χ^2=386.639,P〈0.01）和0.852（χ^2=536.568,P〈0.01）,差异均有统计学意义;确定了区域性大型活动卫生保障游泳场所风险评价的一级指标4项、二级指标18项以及各项指标的权重,其中一级指标卫生管理、卫生设施与设备、公共用品及消毒治水、水质管理的平均权重分别为2.03、2.17、2.22和3.58;建立了线形评价模型。结论区域性大型活动卫生保障游泳场所风险评价模型的建立可为游泳场所卫生保障工作提供科学依据,具有推广应用价值。

Establishment of a risk assessment system for the safety of the regional mass gathering swimming places

Objective To establish a risk assessment system to guarantee the public health safety during the regional mass activities in swimming places,and to offer scientific guidance for the selection and hygienic improvement of swimming places.Methods Delphi professional consultation method was used to establish the evaluation index system and to determine the evaluation index weight.A linear risk evaluation model was also established.Results A total of 30 experts were involved in the consultation with the average working experience of 19.80±6.90 years.The response rates of the two-round consultation were both 100%,with the authoritative coefficient of 0.91±0.07.The Kendall coordination coefficient were 0.614（χ^2=386.639,P〈0.01）and 0.852（χ^2=536.568,P〈0.01）,indicating that their opinions were consistent.Four first-level indicators and eighteen second-level indicators for the risk evaluation of the swimming places were identified.The weight of each indicator was also determined with the average weight of hygiene management,sanitary equipment and health facilities,public goods,disinfection of water and water quality management of 2.03,2.17,2.22 and 3.58,respectively.Moreover,the linear risk evaluation model was established.Conclusions The establishment of the risk assessment system and evaluation model is important for the safety of public health in swimming places during the regional mass gathering,thus it is worth of being widely adopted.