1985-2010年大理州汉族学生体质状况分析

目的探讨25年间大理州汉族学生体质发展的动态变化趋势,为更好地开展中小学校体育教学工作提供参考。方法对1985、1991、2000、2005和2010年全国体质调研大理州汉族中小学生身体形态、功能和素质的测试数据进行统计分析。结果 25年间,身高、体重呈现持续增长的趋势,男生身高平均增长6.3cm,女生平均增长5.0cm。而胸围并没有随身高、体重的增长而增长;心肺功能明显下降(P均<0.01),且幅度较大;主要指标肺活量男生下降342ml,女生下降265ml。50m往返跑男生延长6.2s,女生延长4.3s,身体素质整体出现较大的滑坡,在耐力素质方面下降非常显著,肺活量男、女生均呈下降趋势(P均<0.05或0.01)。结论应对汉族学生采取相应干预措施,提高其身体素质水平。

Dynamic analysis of physical development of younger students with Han nationality from 1985 to 2010 in Dali

Objective To analyze the dynamic changes of physical development of students aged 7 to 18 years with Han nationality during the year of 1985 to 2010 in Dali of Yunnan,and to provide evidence for the improvement of physical education in schools.Methods Physical assessment data including body shape,physical skills and fitness collected from the surveys of Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students conducted in 1985,1991,2000,2005 and 2010 were recruited and analyzed in Dali.Results In general,the upward trends of average body height and weight had been noticed over a 25 years period,with the increase of height of 6.3cm for boys and 5.0cm for girls.However the chest circumference almost stayed the same size.The cardiopulmonary function declined dramatically,especially the vital capacity,which serves as the major indicator of lung function decreased 342ml for boys and 265ml for girls.It took an extra 6.2s for boys and 4.3s for girls to finish a 50m distance round running.It showed that the overall physical fitness went worse especially in the endurance ability.Conclusions Although students of Han nationality become taller,the overall body skills and fitness both deteriorate,indicating that physical education needs to be reformed in order to improve their comprehensive body constitution.