用Gallie术式治疗寰枢关节不稳定的临床问题研究

目的研究寰枢椎后路内固定融合术治疗寰枢关节不稳或脱位的相关临床问题。方法回顾138例由创伤或畸形所致的寰枢关节不稳或脱位的外科治疗,其中齿突发育畸形伴寰枢椎脱位62例,齿突骨折或横韧带断裂伴寰枢关节不稳或脱位54例,寰枢椎半脱位伴旋转畸形22例,全部采用Gallie技术,6例合并使用侧块经关节螺钉固定,此6例患者术后采用简易颌胸围领固定,其余患者均采用头颈胸石膏或颌胸石膏固定。随访1～12年,平均3年5个月。结果根据Sumi评价标准：优70例(50．7％),良40例(29．0％),中15例(10．9％),差13例(9．4％)。9例植骨延迟愈合,经加强外固定治愈,2例植骨不愈合者行翻修手术,1例出现脊髓损伤并发症。结论Gallie融合术是治疗寰枢椎不稳或脱位的有效术式,术前的牵引复位及术后可靠的外固定是治疗成功的必要的辅助手段。精细的穿钢丝或钛缆技术、寰椎后弓去皮质、寰枢椎后弓间植骨块维持生理高度是手术成功的关键。寰枢椎后路融合失败者必须在明确适应证和目的的情况下采取翻修手术。

Key points about atlanto-axial internal-fixation and fusion using Gallie's technique

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical problems about posterior atlanto-axial internal-fixation and fusion for atlanto-axial instability or dislocation. METHODS: Surgical treatments of 138 cases with atlanto-axial instability or dislocation were reviewed. There were 62 cases of odentoid malformation, 54 cases of odentoid fracture or rupture of transverse ligament, 22 cases of subluxation and rotation. All cases were treated using Gallie's technique. Six cases were also fixed with transarticular screws, and protected with Philadelphia collar. Other patients were fixed with plaster paris brackets. The followed-up period was 1 to 12 years with an average of 3 year and 5 months. RESULTS: According to Sumi's criteria, excellent 70 cases (50.7%), good 40 cases (29.0%), fair 15 cases (10.9%), poor 13 cases (9.4%). 9 cases with bone graft postponed fusion were cured by enhance external-fixation. 2 cases with nonunion were treated with revision surgery. Complication of cord injury happened in 1 case. CONCLUSION: Gallie's fusion technique is an effective method to manage the atlanto-axial instability or dislocation. Skull distraction before operation and reliable external-fixation post operative are important assistant measures. Key points for successful operation are careful wiring or cable traversing, decortication of posterior arc of C1, and maintaining the physiological height between C1 and C2 posterior arc. Indications and objectives should be conformed before revision surgery for failure cases.