Stable Genes and Changing Environments: Body Mass Index Across Adolescence and Young Adulthood |
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Authors: | Brett C Haberstick Jeffery M Lessem Matthew B McQueen Jason D Boardman Christian J Hopfer Andrew Smolen John K Hewitt |
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Institution: | (1) Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Campus Box 0447, Boulder, CO 80309-0447, USA;(2) Department of Sociology, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Campus Box 0447, Boulder, CO 80309-0447, USA;(3) Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO, USA |
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Abstract: | The transition between adolescence and young adulthood is a developmentally sensitive time where children are at an increased
risk for becoming overweight and developing obesity. Twin studies have reported that body mass index BMI] is highly heritable,
however, it remains unclear whether the genetic influences are sex-limited and whether non-additive genetic influences contribute
to body mass index BMI] during these ages. In the current report, we examined self-reported data on BMI in same n = 2,744] and opposite-sex n = 1,178] siblings participating in the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health Add Health]. To investigate whether
the same or different genes contributed to BMI for both sexes, we fit quantitative sex-limited genetic models to three waves
of data collection. At each of the three Waves of assessment, models that included additive genetic, individual-specific environment,
and no sex-limited genetic influences fit the data most parsimoniously. Heritable effects on BMI at each of the three Waves
were large for both sexes and ranged between .75 and .86. While genetic contributions across the ages were highly correlated,
longitudinal analyses indicated that the relevant individual-specific environmental influences on BMI in adolescence and young
adulthood change sizably. These results underscore the importance of understanding early genetic influences on BMI and highlight
the role environmental experiences have at later ages when new genetic influences appear to make a small contribution to individual
variation in BMI. |
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