艾滋病142例临床表现分析

目的艾滋病(AIDS),是严重危害人类健康的疾病,临床上症状多变,应提高对AIDS的认识。现将作者在西非工作期间收治的142例AIDS病例的临床表现作一介绍。方法病例均为当地黑人居民,男性89例,女性53例,年龄14～45岁,平均年龄27.65岁。用酶联免疫吸附法和快速法检测患者血清中HIV—1和 HIV—2抗体。结果 HIV—1型25例(35.00％);HIV-2型74例(52.11％);混合型32例(22.53％)。临床表现为脑膜脑炎或脑炎7例(4.93％);肺型27例(19.01％);胃肠道感染84例(59.15％):包括急性48例(33.80％),慢性24例(16.90％),急腹症12例(8.45％);皮肤粘膜损害18例(12.68％):卡波齐肉瘤6例(4.23％),带状疱疹2例(1.41％),皮炎10例(7.04％),病死率19.72％(28/142)。其传播途径以性传播为主,高达78.87％(112/142),其次是密切生活接触,未发现吸毒或输血者。结论艾滋病病死率高,病情复杂,且目前尚无特效药物,必须引起医护人员高度重视。

The clinical manifestation of AIDS and observation of 142 cases

Objective AIDS is named acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Recently it is spreading in the world including China. The author introduces the clinical manifestation of 142 cases that were collected in West Africa in order to control the spreading and deepen the understanding of AIDS. Methods The patients occupying 10.02 percent (142/1417) of inpatients were all black residents. 89 of them were male while 53 were female. The ages ranged from 14-45 years (median, 27.65 years). We detected the HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 antibody in patients' serum by rapid method and ELISA. Results These cases were divided into three types: HIV-1 type (35.00%, 25/142), HIV-2 type (52.11%, 74/142) and mixed type (22.53%, 32/142). 7 cases got meningocephalitidis or cephalitidis (4.92%); 27 cases got pulmonary infections (19.01%); 84 cases got gastrointestinal infections (59.15%): including acute cases (33.80%, 48/84),chronic cases (16.90%, 24/84) and surgical abdomen cases (8. 45%, 12/84): 18 cases got mucocutaneous damages (12.68%): including Kaposi's sarcoma (6/18), herpes zoster (2/18) and other dermatitis (10/18). The mortality were 19.72% (28/ 142). The major route of transmission was sexual intercourse (78.87%, 112/142). Next was close contract in life. There were no narcotics or blood donors. Conclusions The mortality of AIDS is high, the patients' conditions are complex, and there is no specific remedy, so medical staff must pay great attention to it.