基于NHMAN辐射仿真人体模型的蒙特卡罗方法剂量计算研究

目的：人体模型主要用于放疗过程中的剂量学研究，包括新技术的开发与验证、治疗方案的验证与测量等；使用计算机化的人体模型替代实体模型是当前的研究热点。方法：构建符合中国人解剖生理数据的辐射仿真人体模型-“NHMAN-ADAM”（男性）和“NHMAN-EVA”（女性）；使用蒙特卡罗方法程序MCNP模拟0．3MeV和1．0MeV单能平行宽束外照射条件下，六种不同照射方向照射时，放射性粒子在人体组织或器官中的输运过程，并计算得到男女人体模型中的有效剂量。结果：分别得到光子能量为0．3MeV和1．0MeV时，AP照射，PA照射，LAT照射方式下的男性与女性全身有效剂量，以及光子外照射时人体皮肤等器官剂量分布，有效剂量计算值与ICRP51推荐值基本吻合，误差约为4％。结论：NHMAN辐射仿真人体模型能很好地应用于辐射剂量的计算；并且由计算数据可知，女性的辐射危险性普遍高于男性，在医学成像与放射治疗时应更加注重防护措施。

The Study of Monte Carlo Dosimetry Calculaton Based on NHMAN Radiation Human Phantom

Objective:Human phantom has been used to dosimetry study in radiotherapy,which includes development and validation of new technology and so on;using computerized model of the human body instead of physical model has also been a hot topic.Methods: We constructed radiation human phantom-"NHMAN-ADAM" and "NHMAN-EVA" based on Chinese physiological feature.The effective dose was calculated in six geometry and two energy using monte carlo method-MCNP.Results: Effective dose and organ doses in male and female have been calculated in three geometry and a couple of photon energy individually.The result of effective dose agreed well with ICRP,difference about be 4%.Conclusions: The result of effective dose agreed well with ICRP,difference about 4%.That demonstrates that NHMAN can be well used to calculate the radiation dose.