Effect of sex difference in clinical presentation (stable coronary artery disease vs unstable angina pectoris or non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction vs ST‐elevation myocardial infarction) on 2‐year outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective

To determine whether there is a difference in 2‐year prognosis among patients across the spectrum of coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

We analyzed all consecutive patients undergoing PCI at a single center from 1/1‐12/31/2013. Clinical presentations were compared between sexes according to baseline clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics and 2‐year (mean 730 ± 30‐day) outcomes.

Results

We grouped 10 724 consecutive patients based on sex and clinical presentation. Among patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), rates of all‐cause death (6.7% vs 1.4%) and cardiac death (3.8% vs 1.1%) were significantly higher in women than in men (P < 0.05), but these rates did not differ between men and women with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and non‐ST‐elevation acute coronary syndrome ((NSTE‐ACS). Incidence of major bleeding was greater than in men only in those women presenting with ACS. After multivariable adjustment, female sex was not an independent predictor of outcomes in STEMI (hazard ratio HR] for all‐cause death: 1.33, 95% confidence interval CI]:0.52‐3.38; P = 0.55; HR for cardiac death: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.23‐2.09, P = 0.51], but was still an independent predictor of bleeding in STEMI (HR: 3.53, 95%CI: 1.26‐9.91, P = 0.017).

Conclusion

Among STEMI patients, women had worse 2‐year mortality after PCI therapy, but female sex was not an independent predictor of mortality after adjustment for baseline characteristics. In STEMI patients, women were at higher bleeding risk than men after PCI, even after multivariable adjustment.