潜艇艇员睡眠质量与知觉压力、个性特征、应对方式、身心健康的相关研究

目的探讨潜艇艇员睡眠质量与知觉压力、个性特征、应对方式、自尊、自我效能、身心健康的关系。方法应用匹兹堡睡眠指数量表（PSQI）、知觉压力量表（PSS-10）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）、特质应对方式问卷、自尊量表（SES）、一般自我效能感量表（GSES）、和健康状况调查表（SF-36）对某潜艇134名艇员进行调查。结果 1134名潜艇艇员PSQI总分为（4.88±3.12）分,睡眠问题的发生率为19.4%;2睡眠时间与军龄、职务呈显著正相关（r=0.296、0.281,P〈0.01）,睡眠障碍与年龄、军龄和身份呈显著正相关（r=0.229、0.273、0.248,P〈0.01）,睡眠效率与出海次数呈显著正相关（r=0.259,P〈0.01）;3PSQI总分及多数成分得分与PSS总分及EPQ的P分、N分呈显著正相关（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;潜艇艇员PSQI总分、催眠药物和日间功能得分与特质应对方式问卷的消极应对（NC）得分呈显著正相关（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;PSQI总分及多数成分得分与SES总分呈显著负相关（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;睡眠效率、日间功能得分与GSES总分呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）;PSQI总分及多数成分得分与SF-36总分及绝大多数项目分值均呈显著负相关（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论针对与潜艇艇员睡眠质量相关的因素制定相应的干预措施,可提高潜艇艇员的睡眠质量,保持潜艇部队的战斗力。

Study on Relationship between Sleep Quality and Perceived Stress,Personality Characteristics,Coping Style and Physical and Mental Health in Submariners of PLA

Objective To investigate the relationship between sleep quality and perceived stress,personality characteristics,coping style,self-esteem,self-efficiency and physical and mental health in submariners of PLA.Methods A total of 134 submariners were investigated with Pittsburgh sleep quality index（ PSQI）,perceived stress scale（ PSS-10）,Eysenck＇s personality questionnaire（ EPQ）,coping style scale,self-esteem scale（ SES）,general selfefficacy scale（ GSES） and short form 36 health survey questionnaire（ SF-36）. Results 1The total PSQI score of the134 submariners was 4. 88 ± 3. 12,and incidence rate of sleep disorder was 19. 4% in the submariners. 2There was significantly positive correlation between sleep duration and the years of military service and posts（ r = 0. 296,0. 281,P〈0. 01）,and sleep disorder had significantly positive correlation with age,the years of military service and position（ r =0. 229,0. 273,0. 248,P〈0. 01）,and there was significantly positive correlation between sleep efficiency and frequence of navigation（ r = 0. 259,P〈0. 01）. 3The total and most component scores of PSQI showed significantly positive correlation with the scores of PSS,psychoticism and neuroticism in Eysenck personality questionnaire（ P〈0. 05,P〈0. 01）; the total and most component scores of PSQI showed significantly negative correlation with SES total score（ P〈0. 05,P〈0. 01）; the scores of sleep efficiency and daytime function showed significantly negative correlation with GSES total score（ P〈0. 05）; the significantly negative correlations were found between total and most component scores of PSQI and total and most item scores of SF-36（ P〈0. 05,P〈0. 01）. Conclusion We should enhance corresponding intervention methods related with sleep quality to improve sleep quality and maintain combatant capability of the submariners.