达芬奇机器人手术系统在直肠癌根治术中的应用

目的 总结达芬奇机器人手术系统在直肠癌根治术中的初步应用经验,探讨Trocar位置选择及手术操作技巧.方法 回顾性分析2010年2月至2011年2月第三军医大学西南医院收治的13例应用达芬奇机器人手术系统行直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料.患者采用截石位,静脉复合麻醉.采用五孔法(比四孔法多用第Ⅲ臂)或四孔法戳孔.肿瘤位置过低者选用Miles术式,其余选用Dixon术式.结果13例患者均顺利施行达芬奇机器人手术系统直肠癌根治术,前3例患者采用五孔法,后10例采用四孔法.其中Dixon术式9例,Miles术式4例.平均手术时间为217.3 min( 160 ～260 min)；Dixon术式术中平均出血量为53.3 ml(40～70 ml),Miles术式术中平均出血量为120.0 ml(90～130ml),均未输血；平均清扫淋巴结13.9枚(8～21枚)；术后平均肛门排气时间为3.2 d(2～5 d).术后2例患者发生肺部感染,1例发生泌尿系统感染,均经积极抗感染治疗后治愈.无肠瘘、肠梗阻及下肢深静脉血栓形成,无死亡病例.术后病理检查:切缘均未见癌细胞残留,远切缘距肿瘤平均距离为6.3 cra(3～10 cm)；pTNM分期:Ⅰ期(T1N0M0)1例,Ⅱ期5例,Ⅲ期7例.平均随访时间为5.9个月(3～12个月),随访期间未发现肿瘤复发与转移.结论 应用达芬奇机器人手术系统行直肠癌根治术创伤小、恢复快,四孔法戳孔操作更容易.

Application of da Vinci robotic surgical system in radical resection of rectal cancer

Objective To summarize the experience in application of da Vinci robotic surgical system in radical resection of rectal cancer,and investigate the proper position of trocars and operative techniques.Methods The clinical data of 13 patients who received radical resection of rectal cancer accomplished by the da Vinci robotic surgical system at the Southwest Hospital from February 2010 to February 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were in lithotomy position and received combined intravenous anesthesia.Five or 4 trocars were used.Miles procedures were performed on patients with lower tumor position,and the other patients received Dixon procedure.Results The operation was successfully performed on all patients.Five trocars were selected for the first 3 patients,and 4 trocars for the other 10 patients.Nine Dixon procedures and 4 Miles procedures were selected.The mean operation time was 217.3 minutes (range,160-260 minutes).The mean operative blood loss was 53.3 ml (range,40-70 ml) in Dixon procedure and 120.0 ml (range,90-130 ml) in the Miles procedure,and no blood transfusion was needed.The mean number of lymph nodes dissected was 13.9 (range,8-21 ),and the time to bowel movement was 3.2 days (range,2-5 days).Two patients were complicated with pulmonary infection,1 with urinary tract infection,and they were cured by antimicrobial therapy.No other morbidity or mortality was found.The results of postoperative pathological examination showed that there were no residual cancer cells at the resection margin,and the distance between the resection margin and the tumor was 6.3 cm (range,3-10 cm).There were 1 patient in stage Ⅰ,5 in stage Ⅱ and 7 in stage Ⅲ.The mean time of follow-up was 5.9 months (range,3-12 months),and no recurrence or metastasis was found during follow-up.ConclusionsRadical resection of rectal cancer with da Vinci robotic surgical system utilizing 4 trocars has the advantages of minimally invasive surgery with fast recovery as well as the ease of dissection afforded by the surgical robot.