牛心右心室主要结构解剖学观测

目的观测黄牛心脏右心室的解剖结构,为比较解剖学积累资料。方法 1.33 mol.L-1甲醛溶液固定新鲜黄牛心脏31例,利用大体解剖方法观测右心室结构。结果黄牛心脏右心室呈锥体形,其室壁平均厚度为(10.53±1.70)mm,三尖瓣平均周径为(145.84±27.22)mm,前瓣、后瓣、隔侧瓣平均高度分别为(35.40±7.78)、(30.18±6.64)、(30.37±5.75)mm,平均宽度分别为(45.42±11.73)、(52.15±13.98)、(63.17±15.10)mm,平均层数分别为4.58±0.96、4.97±0.89、5.90±1.30。腱索较多且细小,前乳头肌至前尖、后尖、外侧连合的条数分别为4.03±1.30、3.81±1.56、1.48±0.81;后乳头肌至后尖、隔侧尖、后内侧连合的条数分别为4.16±1.55、4.48±1.67、1.58±0.67;隔侧乳头肌至前尖、隔侧尖、前内侧连合的条数分别为3.71±1.35、5.55±1.61、1.52±0.10。假腱索连于乳头肌与室壁或室壁之间,出现率为100%,平均条数为30.19±10.90;乳头肌成群出现,前、后、隔侧乳头肌平均条数分别为1.00±0.00、1.77±0.76、1.06±0.25。隔缘肉柱平均长度为(44.33±10.98)mm,平均直径为(4.76±3.69)mm。右心室流出道主要结构为肺动脉瓣环、肺动脉瓣、肺动脉窦。肺动脉瓣环平均周径为(100.18±13.11)mm,左瓣、右瓣、前瓣平均高度分别为(13.75±2.75)、(13.59±2.58)、(14.11±2.50)mm,平均宽度分别为(34.99±7.02)、(35.41±3.92)、(39.04±6.75)mm。结论黄牛心脏右心室结构与人相似,但大小、假腱索及腱索总数有一定差异。

Anatomic observation on the main structures of right ventricle in cattle heart

Objective To observe the anatomic structure of the right ventricle in cattle,in order to accumulate data for comparative anatomy.Methods Thirty-one hearts of cattle were fixed with formaldehyde solution（1.33 mol·L-1）,then the structures of right ventricles were observed with gross anotomy method.Results The right ventricle of cattle heart was a cone and the average thickness of its wall was（10.53±1.70）mm.The average circumference of tricuspid was（145.84±27.22）mm.The average heights of anterior cusp,posterior cusp and septal cusp were（35.40±7.78）,（30.18±6.64）,（30.37±5.75）mm respectively,the average width were（45.42±11.73）,（52.15±13.98）,（63.17±15.10）mm respectively,and the average strata were 4.58±0.96,4.97±0.89 and 5.90±1.30 respectively.There were many and exiguous chordae tendineae.The average numbers of chordae tendineae form anterior papillary muscles to anterior cusp,posterior cusp and lateral were 4.03±1.30,3.81±1.56 and 1.48±0.81 respectively.The average numbers of chordae tendineae form posterior papillary muscles to anterior cusp,septal cusp and posteriomedialis were 4.16±1.55,4.48±1.67 and 1.58±0.67 respectively.The average numbers of chordae tendineae from septal papillary muscles to anterior cusp,septal cusp and anteriomedialis were 3.71±1.35,5.55±1.61 and 1.52±0.10 respectively.False tendons existed between papillary muscles and the wall of right ventricle or between the walls of right ventricle commonly and the frequency of false tendons was 100%,and the average number of false tendons was 30.19±10.90.Columna papillares appeared in group,and the average numbers of anterior papillary muscles,posterior papillary muscles and septal papillary muscles were 1.00±0.00,1.77±0.76 and 1.06±0.25 respectively.The average length of moderator band was（44.33±10.98） mm and the average diameter was（4.76±3.69）mm.The main structures of the right ventricular outflow were composed of pulmonary valve ring,pulmonary valve and sinus arteriae pulmonalis.The average circumference of pulmonary valve ring was（100.18±13.11）mm,the average height of left,right and anterior pulmonary valve were（13.75±2.75）,（13.59±2.58） and（14.11±2.50）mm respectively,the average width of them were（34.99±7.02）,（35.41±3.92） and（39.04±6.75）mm respectively.Conclusion The right ventricle of cattle is similar to that of human heart in structure,but there were differences in size and the total number of chordae tendineae and false tendon.