细胞移植对脑出血脑损伤的保护作用

目前用于脑出血治疗研究的主要细胞有：神经干细胞、遗传工程神经干细胞、骨髓间质干细胞、脐血细胞、胚胎干细胞、重组细胞、微囊化人工细胞等，本文就前5种细胞移植在出血性脑损伤中的保护作用进行综述。干细胞移植在脑出血性动物身上的实验所取得的良好效果，显示细胞移植重建损伤的脑组织、改善脑功能成为治疗脑出血疾病的必然途径。临床实验也取得了一定效果，但要真正应用于临床目前还有许多问题要解决：要想准确的定向诱导细胞分化，需要更深入的研究局部微环境，细胞因子及基因对干细胞分化的作用；细胞移植促进脑出血功能的恢复，其确切的机制还需要进一步研究 ；诱导分化的神经干细胞是否能象正常神经细胞一样能分泌神经递质，是否具有复杂的电生理等。

Protective effect of cell transplantation on intracerebral hemorrhage injury

At present there are several cells using for intracerebral hemorrhage treatment such as neural stem cells, genetically engineered neural stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood cells, embryonic stem cells, recombination cells, microencapsulation artificial cells, etc. In this paper, the protective effects of neural stem cells, genetically engineered neural stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood cells, embryonic stem cells are reviewed in the intracerebral hemorrhage injury. It suggests that cell transplantation will become an inevitable way to treat intracerebral hemorrhage through reconstructing the injured brain tissue and improving the brain function, based on good results from the stem cell transplantation into intracerebral hemorrhage experimental animals. Though there are some effective clinical trials when cell transplantation is applied in clinic, there are still many problems needed to resolve, for example, accurately induced cell differentiation, local microenvironment, and the roles of cytokine and gene play in stem cell differentiation. We need to investigate the exact mechanisms which cell transplantation promotes the recovery of intracerebral hemorrhage and whether differentiated neurons can secrete the same neurotransmitters as normal neurons do and has complex electrophysiology.