老年危重症监护病区患者呼吸道感染病原菌特点与耐药性分析

目的探讨医院老年危重症监护病区(ICU)患者呼吸道病原菌分布特点与耐药性,为临床用药与医院感染防控提供依据。方法回顾性分析医院2012年1月至2014年12月老年ICU呼吸道感染患者病原菌分离情况与其耐药性。结果 501例呼吸道感染患者中革兰阴性杆菌感染350例,以铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌为主;革兰阳性球菌感染50例,以金黄色葡萄球菌为主;合并真菌感染101例,以白色念珠菌为主。其中铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南非敏感性情况呈上升趋势(P0.05),鲍曼不动杆菌对常用抗菌药物耐药率较高,经统计学分析药敏趋势无明显变化(P0.05)。呼吸道感染老年患者中亚胺培南耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(IRAB)、产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌、甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)均超过各自构成比的50%。结论老年ICU呼吸道感染患者常分离出多重耐药菌,耐药率维持较高水平,临床医生应结合实验室报告合理选药,提高对多重耐药菌的防控及管理,减少院内感染发生。

Analysis on characteristics and drug resistance of pathogens in ICU elderly patients with respiratory tract infection

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristic and drug resistance of respiratory tract pathogens in ICU eld‐erly patients to provide the basis for clinical medication and control of nosocomial infection .Methods The isolation situation and drug resistance of pathogens in ICU elderly patients with respiratory tract infection from January 2012 to December 2014 were ret‐rospectively analyzed .Results Among 501 cases of respiratory tract infection ,350 cases were Gram‐negative bacilli infection ,which were mainly P .aeruginosa and A .baumannii;50 cases were Gram‐positive coccus infection ,which was mainly S .aureus ;101 cases were complicating fungal infection ,which was mainly C .albicans .The resistance of P .aeruginosa to imipenem showed upward trend (P<0 .05) ,A .baumannii had higher resistance to commonly used antimicrobial drugs ,but the drug resistance trend had no obvious change(P>0 .05) .Imipenem‐resistant A .bauman(IRAB) ,ESBLs‐producing E .coli and methicillin‐resistant S .aureus (MRSA) in the elderly patients with respiratory tract infection all exceeded 50% of each constitution ratio .Conclusion Multi‐drug resistant bacteria are usually isolated from ICU elderly patients ,their drug resistance rates maintain a higher level .Therefore clinicians should rationally select antibacterial drugs by combining with the laboratory reports ,increase the prevention and management of multi‐drug resistant bacteria and reduce the nosocomial infection occurrence .