2015年某医院儿童呼吸道感染病原学特征分析

目的：比较并分析甘肃省妇幼保健院儿童呼吸道感染常见病原体的检出情况，为临床准确诊断、合理治疗提供依据。方法收集2015年1～12月甘肃省妇幼保健院6032例急性呼吸道感染的患儿标本，采用免疫斑点试验技术检测其血清中6种常见呼吸道病原体早期特异性抗体IgM：腺病毒（ADV）、流感病毒（IV）、副流感病毒（PIV）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、肺炎支原体（MP）、肺炎衣原体（CP）。分析患儿感染模式，以及不同年龄、季节、性别等感染情况的差异。结果6032例感染的标本中有2279例阳性，阳性率为37．8％。6种呼吸道病原体的阳性率依次为：ADV12．2％、IV9．6％、CP7．9％、MP4．6％、RSV3．0％、PIV0．3％。呼吸道病原体检出率在春、夏季节较高；1～3岁和4～6岁组阳性率高。结论该院儿童呼吸道感染常见病原体以ADV为主，其次是IV，其感染具有明显的季节性；支原体和衣原体也是呼吸道感染常见病原体，主要有MP和CP。

Analysis on etiologic characteristics of child respiratory tract infection in a hospital of 2015

Objective To compare and analyze the detection situation of common pathogens in child respiratory tract infection in our hospital and to provide the basis for clinical accurate diagnosis and reasonable treatment .Methods A total of 6 032 specimens were collected from the children patients with acute respiratory tract infection in the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from January to December 2015 .The immunodot test technology was adopted to detect the 6 kinds of early specific serum antibody IgM of common respiratory pathogens :adenovirus (ADV ) ,influenza virus (IV ) ,parainfluenza (PIV ) ,respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ,mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and chlamydia pneumonia (CP) .The differences in children infection pat‐terns ,different ages ,seasons and genders were analyzed .Results Among 6 032 specimens ,2 279 cases were positive with the posi‐tive rate of 37 .8% .The positive rates of 6 kinds of respiratory pathogens were in turn 12 .2% for ADV ,9 .6% for IV ,7 .9% for CP ,4 .6% for MP ,3 .0% for RSV and 0 .3% for PIV .The detection rate of respiratory tract pathogens was higher in spring and summer ;age groups of 1-3 years old and 4-6 years old had higher positive detection rate .Conclusion The main common patho‐gen of respiratory tract infection in this hospital is ADV ,followed by IV .Their infection has obvious seasonality .The mycoplasma and chlamydia also are the common pathogens of respiratory tract infection ,which are dominated by MP and CP .