手术室护理人员职业暴露相关影响因素及预防措施分析

目的:探讨手术室护理人员职业暴露相关影响因素及预防措施,为提高护理人员的人身安全提供保障。方法:选取2018年1月—2020年1月就职于手术室的60名护理人员为研究对象,进行问卷调查,分析手术室护理人员职业暴露相关影响因素。结果:60名护理人员中存在职业暴露感染24名(40.00%),无职业暴露感染36名(60.00%)。单因素分析显示,两组性别、从业时间、职称对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);职业暴露感染组各种气溶胶造成环境污染、传递锐器时刺伤、整理锐器时刺伤、电离辐射损伤、手术刀坠下扎伤、有毒性微粒吸入、术区血液喷溅比例高于无职业暴露感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,各种气溶胶造成环境污染、传递锐器时刺伤、整理锐器时刺伤、电离辐射损伤、手术刀坠下扎伤、有毒性微粒吸入、术区血液喷溅是手术室护理人员发生职业暴露感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05且OR≥1)。结论:手术室护理人员职业暴露是多种因素共同作用的结果,需针对各危险因素实施针对性预防,以降低手术室护理人员职业暴露风险,保障其人身安全。

Analysis of related influencing factors and preventive measures of occupational exposure of nurses in operating room

Objective:To explore the influencing factors and preventive measures of occupational exposure of nursing staff in operating room,and to provide guarantee for improving the personal safety of nursing staff.Methods:Retrospectively select 60 research subjects who were employed in the operating room nursing staff of hospital from January 2018 to January 2020,conduct a questionnaire survey,and analyze the influencing factors of occupational exposure of the operating room nursing staff.Results:Among the 60 nursing staff,there were 24 occupational exposure infections(40.00%)and 36 occupational exposure infections(60.00%).Single factor analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender,employment time,and professional title(P>0.05),various aerosols in the occupational exposure infection group cause environmental pollution,stab wounds when sharps are delivered,stab wounds when sharps are sharpened,ionizing radiation damage,scalpels fall puncture wounds,inhalation of toxic particles,blood spray in the operation area.The proportion of splashing was higher than that of the group without occupational exposure infection,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis shows that various aerosols cause environmental pollution,stab wounds when sharps are delivered,stab wounds when sharps are sharpened,ionizing radiation damage,scalpel falls and puncture wounds,inhalation of toxic particles,and blood splatter in the operation area is the independent risk factors of occupational exposure infection among nurses in the laboratory(P<0.05 and OR≥1).Conclusion:Occupational exposure of nurses in the operating room is the result of a combination of factors.It is necessary to implement targeted prevention for each risk factor to reduce the occupational exposure risk of nurses in the operating room and protect their personal safety.