猪髂静脉狭窄模型的建立

目的 探讨髂静脉狭窄动物模型的建立方法。方法 选用实验用白猪12只,采用数字表法随机分为实验组及对照组,每组6只。实验组采用左髂静脉血管外贴附包绕石英管,在左髂静脉于下腔静脉汇入点下方1~2 cm及3~5 cm处结扎髂静脉,然后抽离石英管的方法,建立左髂静脉狭窄动物模型;对照组不行手术。实验组白猪在手术前及术后第30天行血管腔内超声(IVUS)检测左髂静脉汇入下腔静脉处左髂静脉内径,在术后第30天行髂静脉造影检查观察髂静脉通畅情况。在完成检查后处死两组实验动物,取出右髂静脉近心端2.0 cm、左髂静脉起始端至下腔静脉下段“人”字型血管,观察静脉壁病理组织学改变;应用Image-Pro plus图像处理软件测量实验组左髂静脉缩窄处、对照组相应处血管内膜厚度。实验组以左髂静脉直径狭窄率＞30%作为模型制备成功的标准。观察并比较实验组手术前后左髂静脉内径的差异,以及两组动物左髂静脉内膜厚度的差异和组织病理学的改变。结果 实验组动物手术前左髂静脉直径为7.28～8.04(7.53±0.28)mm,术后第30天为3.72～5.02(4.39±0.48)mm,手术前后左髂静脉直径差值为2.32～3.88(3.14±0.57)mm,左髂静脉狭窄率为31.6%～51.1%(41.57%±6.85%),均成功建立了髂静脉狭窄模型;手术前后左髂静脉直径差异有统计学意义(t=13.575,P＜0.05)。术后第30天,实验组动物髂静脉造影显示右髂静脉均通畅,左髂静脉可见明显狭窄;静脉壁组织病理学检查显示:对照组未见异常,实验组血管内膜增生狭窄;实验组左髂静脉内膜厚度为(209.82±26.26)μm,大于对照组的(37.67±6.84)μm,差异有统计学意义(t=15.539,P＜0.05)。结论 在实验白猪体内,采用左髂静脉血管外贴附包绕石英管、在左髂静脉于下腔静脉汇入点下方1~2 cm及3~5 cm处结扎髂静脉后抽离石英管的方法,可成功建立髂静脉狭窄动物模型。该方法具有简便、建模效果稳定的优点。

Establishment of iliac vein stenosis in a pig model

Objective To explore the establishment of an animal model of iliac vein stenosis.Methods A total of 12 experimental pigs were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups, with 6 pigs in each group. In the experimental group, the left iliac vein was attached to a quartz tube, and then areas at 1-2 cm and 3-5 cm below the left iliac vein into the inferior vena cava were ligated, and the quartz tube was removed to establish the iliac vein stenosis animal model. The animals in the control group did not undergo operation. The diameter of the left iliac vein was measured via intravenous ultrasound at the location wherein the left iliac vein flowed into the inferior vena cava before operation and on the 30th day after operation in the experimental group. Iliac vein angiography was also performed in the experimental group on the 30th day after operation to observe the patency of iliac vein. After examination, the two groups of experimental animals were killed, and the “human-type” blood vessels from the right iliac vein to 2 cm near the heart and from the left iliac vein to the lower part of the inferior vena cava were obtained to observe pathological changes in the vein wall. The intimal thickness of the left iliac vein in the experimental group and the corresponding part in the control group was measured using Image Pro Plus image processing software. The diameter of the left iliac vein stenosis rate in the experimental group was more than 30%, which was used as the standard for model preparation. The difference in the diameter of the left iliac vein before and after operation was observed and compared by obtaining the difference in the intimal thickness and the histopathological changes of the left iliac vein between the two groups.Results In the experimental group, the diameter of the left iliac vein was 7.28-8.04 (7.53±0.28) mm before operation and 3.72-5.02 (4.39±0.48) mm on the 30th day after operation. The difference in the diameter of the left iliac vein before and after the operation was 2.32-3.88 (3.14±0.57) mm; and the narrowing rate of the diameter of the left iliac vein was 31.6%-51.1% (41.57%±6.85%). All the models were successfully established, and the diameter difference was statistically significant (t=13.575, P<0.05). The right iliac veins was unobstructed, and the left iliac vein was evidently narrowed on the 30th day after operation. The histopathological examination of the vein wall in the experimental and control groups showed that the control group exhibited no abnormality; by contrast, the experimental group suffered from hyperplasia and stenosis. The intimal thickness of the left iliac vein in the experimental group was (209.82±26.26) μm, which was significantly greater than that in the control group (37.67±6.84 μm), and their difference was statistically significant (t=15.539, P<0.05).Conclusions The method performed on the experimental group can successfully establish an iliac vein stenosis animal model and exhibits the advantages of simplicity, stability, and reliability.