医学插画及其新可视化模式在解剖教学和临床中的应用进展

目的 总结医学插画的历史及其新可视化模式在解剖与临床中的应用。方法 以“医学插画” “解剖插画”以及“medical illustration”“medical illustration and three-dimensional”“medical illustration and virtual reality”为中英文关键词,在中国知网、万方数据和PubMed等数据库中检索2020年1月前发表的与医学插画历史、现状及其新可视化模式相关的文献,检索到文献634篇,剔除内容不符、无法获取全文、重复研究以及设计缺陷的文献,最终纳入32篇文献,对其进行总结分析。结果 从手绘解剖插画到大体解剖图谱,再到三维虚拟解剖模型、3D打印解剖模型及虚拟手术解剖,技术推动了解剖学的发展,为医学专业人员学习解剖提供了便捷,也改变着解剖学的教学方式和外科的培训模式。结论 医学插画的新可视化模式在解剖教学与临床培训中有很好的应用前景,如何利用这些新模式来创造更高效的教学工具,改进外科训练模式,有待进一步的探索。

Clinical and anatomy teaching application and advancement of medical illustrations and its new visualization model

Objective This work aims to summarize the history of medical illustrations and the application of new visualization models in anatomy and clinical practice.Methods “Medical illustration” “anatomical illustration” “medical illustration and three-dimensional” and “medical illustration and virtual reality” were searched as keywords in Chinese and English databases such as China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang Data, and PubMed. A total of 634 documents related to the history, current status, and new visualization models of medical illustrations published before January 2020 were retrieved. Documents with inconsistent content, no access to full text, repeated research or design defects were excluded, and 32 articles were finally included. The related results were summarized and analyzed.Results Medical illustrations range from hand-drawn illustrations to gross anatomy visualizations and finally to advanced 3D virtual models, 3D printed models, and virtual reality. These technologies have promoted anatomical presentations, provided an avenue for medical professionals to conveniently learn anatomical structures, and transformed the teaching method of anatomy and the training mode of surgery.Conclusions The new visualization model of medical illustrations has good application prospect in anatomy teaching and clinical training. The use of these new models to create efficient teaching tools and improve the surgical training model requires further exploration.