颈阔肌的应用解剖

用手术显微镜对50例成人的颈阔肌作了观察和测量。将每侧颈部分为9个区,颈阔肌位于前6区。肌的内侧界约相当于颏舌骨连线中点稍下到锁骨胸骨端稍外侧处的连线,左右侧肌夹有40°角;外侧界为下颌角稍后到锁骨肩峰端内侧3cm处的连线;下界在第一肋间隙平面,有的肌下份出现一些较宽的裂隙;上界在下颌骨体,并与某些表情肌相连续。肌的面积约150cm~2,锁骨上部约占120cm~2。后份肌纤维略呈S形弯曲。肌与深层结构联系较松。本文还对面神经和颈丛与颈阔肌有关的分支,进行了观察。对和颈面部临床应用等有关的问题进行了讨论。

Applied Anatomy of the Platysma

The platysma of 50 sides of abult cadavers were studied under operating microscope. 9 areas are divided on each side of the neck, and the anterior 6 of the 9 are occupied by the platysrna. The medial border of the muscle corresponds to a line starting from the middle point of the mental-hyoid line and ending laterally to the sternal end of the clavicle. The angle formed by the medial borders of the platysmas of two sides is about 40. The lateral border corresponds to a line starting from a little back of the angle of the mandible and ending 3 cm medial to the acromion end of the clavicle. The inferior border of the platysma lies in the first intercostal space. There are several gaps in the lower portion of some of the muscles. The superior border attaches to the body of the mandible and fuses with some of the expression muscles. The area of the platys-ma is about 150cm2, of which about 120 cm2 are located above the clavicle. The fibers of the posterior portion of the muscle are in the form of a double curve. The platysma is loosely attached to the underlying structures.Several branches of the facial nerve and the cervical plexus were also studied. In addition, certain problems concerning the plastic reconstruction on the neck and face were discussed.