唐山大地震孤儿性格特征与心身健康关系研究

目的调查经历唐山地震的孤儿在地震灾难发生30年后的人格特点及其与心理健康状况的关系。方法共有260例唐山地震的孤儿幸存者和241例经历唐山地震的非孤儿幸存者作为对照参加调查。使用艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、社会支持量表、应对方式问卷对被试进行评估。结果在全部被试中，EPQ-N分与SCL-90总分（r=0.51）、SCL-90总均分（r=0.51）、SCL-90阳性项目数（r=0.52）、SCL-90阳性症状均分（r=0.32）、自评抑郁问卷（r=0.53）、自评焦虑问卷（r=0.51）显著相关，P均〈0.01；地震孤儿组（260例）EPQ-N分高于非孤儿对照组（241例）（47.65±11.41，44.92±9.46，t=2.91，P〈0.01）和EPQ-E分低于对照组（55.7±10.14，58.86±10.13，t=3.41，P〈0.01）；患PTSD的孤儿组（n=32）EPQ-E分低于未患PTSD的孤儿组（n=228）（51.88±11.34，56.32±9.87，t=2.34，P〈0.05），患PTSD的孤儿组EPQ-N分高于未患PTSD的孤儿组（54.84±10.89，46.64±11.14，t=3.910，P〈0.01）。结论唐山地震发生30年后，经历唐山大地震的孤儿幸存者人格特质有明显倾向性，这种人格特征的倾向性与孤儿幸存者的心理健康状况相关。

Personality Characteristics are Associated with Long-term Mental Health Status in Adults Orphaned by Tangshan Earthquake Occurred 30 Years Ago: A Cross-sectional Study

Objective To survey the personality tendency of Tangshan earthquake orphaned survivors and its relationship to the orphans＇ current mental health level 30 years after the earthquake~ Methods 260 survivors orphaned by Tangshan earthquake and 241 survivors who had none parent died in the earthquake matched by age and sex participated the investigation~ Symptom Checklist 90, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Rating Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were used to assess all the participants. Results In all 501 participants, EPQ-N score has a significant correlation with total score of SCL-90 （r= 0. 51）, total average score of SCL-90 （r= 0. 51）, number of SCL-90 positive items （r=0.52）, average score of SCL-90 positive symptoms （r=0.32）, score of SDS （r=0.53）, score of SAS （r=0. 51）, P all〈0.01; EPQ-N score of orphans group （n= 260） was higher than that of non-orphans group （n= 241） （47.65±11.41, 44.92±9.46, t=2.91, P〈0.01） and EPQ-E average score of orphans group was lower than that of non-orphans group （55.7±10.14, 58.86±10.13, t=3.41, P〈0.01）; Orphans with PTSD group （n=32） has lower EPQ-E score than orphans without PTSD group （n= 228）（51.88± 11.34, 56.32± 9.87, t= 2.34, P〈0.05）, and Orphans with PTSD group also has higher EPQ-N score than orphans without PTSD group （54. 84±10.89, 46.64±11.14, t=3.91, P〈0.01）. Conclusion 30 years after Tangshan earthquake, survivors orphaned by the earthquake showed certain substantial personality tendency, which was associated with the mental health level of this group.