河北省鼠疫自然疫源地内长爪沙鼠寄生蚤的研究

目的 了解河北省鼠疫自然疫源地内长爪沙鼠寄生蚤的种类、构成、季节消长。方法 收集活体长爪沙鼠及其窝巢，置熏鼠桶用乙醚或汽油将鼠蚤一并熏死，捡蚤；鼠洞用法兰绒探蚤棒每洞探3次，收集探到的蚤。直接在显徽镜下鉴定或制成玻片标本鉴定。结果共发现寄生蚤3科10属16种，秃病蚤蒙冀亚种为优势种，其次为方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种、二齿新蚤、光亮额蚤。体蚤、巢蚤染蚤率、蚤指数均以3、4月份较高。染蚤率、蚤指数年度间有较大差异。但无明显规律。结论 查清了河北省鼠疫自然疫源地内长爪沙鼠寄生蚤的种类、构成、季节消长，为今后进一步研究河北省的鼠疫自然疫源地及动物间鼠疫流行因素，提供了科学依据。

Study on Parasitical Fleas of Meriones unguiculatus in Hebei Province

Objective To understand the species,composition and seasonal fluctuation of parasitical fleas of Meriones unguiculatus in Hebei plague natural foci.Methods To collect fleas from living Meriones unguiculatus and its nest. The rats and fleas were placed in the fuming-mouse tank and were fumed to death in aether or petrol exception,and then the fleas were collected.Every hole of Meriones unguiculatus was prospected three times with wrapping-flannel rubber stick for gather parasitical fleas. Then it was identified directly under microscope or made slide sample.Results 16 species 10 genera 3 families of parasitical fleas were discovered from Meriones unguiculatus. The Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkovi was dominant species of the parasitical fleas,and then Citellophilus tesquorum mongolicus, Neopsylla bidentatiformis and Frontopsylla luculenta.The highest flea indices on the body and in the nest were found in March and April.The rates of infected fleas and the flea indices were very different year from year, without obvious regulation.Conclusion It is made clearly that the species,composition and seasonal fluctuation of parasitical fleas of Meriones unguiculatus in Hebei natural foci. It provided scientific basis for further studying the prevalence factors of rodent plague and natural plague foci in Hebei province.