睡眠时相相关阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对急性脑梗死患者睡眠结构及预后的影响

目的探讨REM期与非快动眼睡眠(non-rapid eye movement,NREM)期相关OSA对急性脑梗死(acuteischemic stroke,AIS)患者睡眠结构及预后的影响。方法回顾性收集2011年2月-2018年8月于苏州大学附属第二医院就诊且完成PSG的AIS患者,收集的数据包括一般资料,情绪、认知、睡眠量表评估,MRI、PSG检查,出院时功能恢复情况(应用NI HSS量表和mRS量表评估)及3个月预后(应用mRS量表评估)。根据总睡眠期、REM期和NREM期睡眠AHI,将患者分为单纯脑梗死组、脑梗死合并REM期相关OSA组和脑梗死合并NREM期相关OSA组,对3组一般资料、临床量表评分、睡眠数据及预后情况进行单因素和多因素分析,观察睡眠不同时相OSA对患者睡眠结构及预后的影响。结果最终纳入110例患者,其中单纯脑梗死组30例(27.3%),脑梗死合并REM期相关OSA组15例(13.6%),脑梗死合并NREM期相关OSA组65例(59.1%)。脑梗死合并NREM期相关OSA组BMI高于单纯脑梗死组。脑梗死组病灶部位多位于大脑半球,脑梗死合并REM期相关OSA组病灶依次位于脑干、大脑半球、间脑。与单纯脑梗死组相比,脑梗死合并NREM期相关OSA组NREM1期睡眠时间及比例高,慢波睡眠时间及比例低。与脑梗死合并REM期相关OSA组相比较,脑梗死合并NREM期相关OSA组微觉醒指数、呼吸相关微觉醒指数、自发相关微觉醒指数高,上述差异均具有统计学意义。各组间3个月后mRS评分差异无统计学意义。Logistic回归分析提示入院时高NIHSS评分、低受教育水平、高BMI是脑梗死患者预后不良的独立危险因素。结论NREM期相关OSA会改变脑梗死患者的睡眠结构,使其浅睡眠1期延长,深睡眠(NREM 3期和4期)缩短,睡眠片段化,此种改变可能会导致脑梗死患者预后更差。

Effect of Sleep Phase Related Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Sleep Structure and Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Objective To investigate the effect of REM and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep related
OSA on sleep structure and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.
Methods Data of consecutive AIS patients with PSG examination in the Second Affiliated Hospital
of Soochow University from Feburary 2011 to August 2018 were resepectively colleted.Collected
data included the general information, emotion and cognition assessment, sleep scales, MRI and
PSG findings, the NIHSS scores at 48 hours after admission and at discharge, and mRS scores
at discharge and 3 months. According to overall AHI, AHI during REM (REM-AHI) and during
NREM (NREM-AHI), they were divided into AIS group, AIS+REM-related OSA group and
AIS+NREM-related OSA group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the
effect of sleep phase related OSA on sleep architecture and prognosis of AIS patients.
Results A total of 110 eligible patients were enrolled in this study, with 30 (27.3%) in AIS group,15 (13.6%) in AHI+REM-related OSA group and 65 (59.1%) in AHI+NREM-related OSA group.
BMI was more higher in AIS+NREM-related OSA group than that in AIS group. The lesions of
AIS group were mostly located in telencephalon, while the lesions of AIS+REM-related OSA group
were located in brain stem, telencephalon and diencephalon. The time and proportion of NREM 1
were higher and the time and proportion of slow wave sleep (SWS) were shorter in AIS+NREMrelated
OSA group than that in AIS group.Microarousal index, respiratory related microarousal
index, spontaneous microarousal index were higher in AIS+NREM-related OSA group than that in
AIS+REM-related OSA group. There was no difference in mRS score at 3 months.Logistic analysis
results revealed that high NIHSS score on admission, the low level of education and high BMI were
independent risk factors of poor prognosis of AIS patients.
Conclusions Sleep structure of AIS can be disturbed by NREM-related OSA, with sleep
characteristics of longer NREM1, shorter deep sleep (NREM 3 and 4) and fragmentation. These
changes may result in worse prognosis of AIS.