医院门诊人群高血压的患病、知晓、治疗及控制状况1999年医院门诊人群高血压抽样调查报告

目的 了解门诊人群：1)高血压的患病比例、知晓、治疗及控制情况，2)影响高血压的知晓、治疗及控制率的重要因素。方法 横断面性质的流行病学研究。采用国际通用的现场测量与问卷调查相结合的标准方法，分别在中国北方、南方和中部8个城市，选择18家医院(其中三级医院10家，二级医院6家，一级医院2家)，对来这些医院内科、妇科和其它科门诊就诊的35岁及以上患者进行了专项调查。结果 本次共调查9703人，一级医院、二级医院、三级医院分别入选1216例(12．5％)，2324例(24．0％)及6163例(63．5％)，性别、年龄比例基本平衡。被调查人群患高血压的比例达46．5％，无论男女，均随年龄递增。本次调查人群近一年内就诊时经常测血压的比例仅15．9％。调查人群中高血压患者知道自己患高血压的比例为77．2％，在过去一年内已接受降压治疗的占70％，治疗后血压降至正常的占33％，全部高血压患者中血压得到控制的占23％。有高血压相关知识的高血压患者与无高血压相关知识者比较，高血压知晓率分别为82％和60％，药物治疗率分别为71％和27％，接受治疗的高血压患者中血压控制率分别为32％和19％，高血压人群中血压控制率分别为23％和8％，前者高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率均显著高于后者(P＜0．01)。未能规律服药原因主要系患者对高血压缺乏正确理解，不重视治疗是服药顺从性差的根源。结论 1)35岁以上人群高血压发病比例较高，规律的血压检测率低，有必要建立35岁以上人群就诊首诊测量血压制度。2）中青年对高血压最不重视，知晓率、治疗率及控制率均低，应予以高度重视。3)高血压相关知识的掌握是影响高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率的重要因素，对高血压缺乏正确理解，不重视治疗是服药顺从性差的根源。应重点加强这一人群的健康教育。

The Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension in Outpatients in the People''''s Republic of China: Results Of the 1999''''s Blood Pressure Survey Project

Objective To investigate the rate of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the outpatients. Methods This study used the data obtained from a cross sectional survey of the outpatients in 18 general hospitals, representing the different levels of medical care in 8 major cities in Northern and Southern China. Patients were surveyed by clinical interview with BP measurement and answering the questionnaire. Results A cohort of 9703 subjects were enrolled, 4510(46.5%) of them were diagnosed as hypertension. Measurement of BP were taken regularly in only 15.9% of all patients during past clinic visits. Hypertension increased linearly with age. The rate of awareness, treatment, and achievement of goal BP were 77%, 70%, and 23%, respectively. Comparison between the patients with and without the knowledge about hypertension, it was found the rate of treatment and BP control were 71% vs 27%, and 23% vs 8%. ( P <0 01, respectively). Those who have discontinued their medications are most likely ascribed to their poor understanding of the disease. Conclusion Most of the patients with hypertension were aware of their disease and have been treated with anti hypertensive medications. Lack of the knowledge seems to be the major causes of treatment failure. Effort should be made to educate patients in an appropriate way.