Occupational exposure to organic solvents and pregnancy. Review of current epidemiologic knowledge

The findings and methodological issues of recent epidemiological studies (1989-1999) on adverse developmental effects of maternal occupational exposure to organic solvents are reviewed. Several studies suggest the possibility of a moderate increase in the risk of spontaneous abortion and congenital malformations, especially facial clefts, associated with maternal exposure to solvents. A common methodological weakness of these studies is the inaccuracy of data on exposures. Positive findings encourage further epidemiological studies of high-quality design and use of protective measures to minimize exposure to these agents from the preconceptional period to the end of pregnancy.