Inhibition of aminoimidazoquinoxaline-type and aminoimidazol-4-one-type mutagen formation in liquid reflux models by L-tryptophan and other selected indoles

The essential amino acid L-tryptophan (L-Trp) was found to be an effective inhibitor of the development of mutagenicity (Ames test) in liquid-reflux models known to produce identified IQ-type mutagens, such as 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethylimidazo4,5-f]quinoxaline (7,8-DiMeIQx), and in reflux models recently developed in our laboratory that have been found to produce novel IQ-"like" mutagens (aminoimidazol-4-ones), which we have identified as 2-amino-1-methyl-5-propylideneimidazol-4-one (TCP-1), and 2-amino-5-ethylidene-1-methylimidazol-4-one (TCP-2 or ACP). Selected indoles other than L-Trp were also found to be effective inhibitors of mutagen formation in these same reflux models. A mechanism of inhibition of mutagen formation based on the preferential reaction of mutagen precursor aldehydes with the indole-ring nitrogen of these inhibitors, rather than with creatinine, is indicated, and a new "concerted condensation model" for the formation of IQ-type mutagens proposed.