上海市大学生螨性皮炎的调查及危险因素分析

目的　探讨居住环境和卫生习惯等因素对在校大学生螨性皮炎的影响。　方法　对在校大学生的宿舍类型、卫生习惯、床席使用以及皮炎的症状等作问卷调查 ;同时收集床席的屑灰 ,于解剖镜下找活虫 ,经蒲利氏液胶封片后在显微镜下作形态鉴定。　结果　大学生螨性皮炎患病率为 2 3 .2 % ,女生 (3 5 .5 % ,3 8/ 10 7)高于男生 (9.4% ,9/ 96)。丘疹平均直径为 6.4mm ,以手臂部位最多见 (74.5 % ) ,其次为大腿 (4 0 .4% )和腰部 (2 7.7% )。床席中检出 4种螨 :尘螨(3 5 .5 % )、粉螨 (2 7.1% )、革螨 (8.9% )、肉食螨 (2 1.7% )。在皮炎患者的床席中 ,致痒螨检出率高 ,革螨为 2 5 .5 % (12 /47)、肉食螨 5 5 .3 % (2 6/ 47)、粉螨 40 .4% (19/ 47)。经单因素分析 ,宿舍陈旧和室内有蟑螂为皮炎发生的危险因素 ,并具有明显的居室聚集性 ,用热水擦席与螨性皮炎有一定相关性。　结论　上海市大学生螨性皮炎患病率较高 ,主要由床席内的致痒螨 (革螨、肉食螨、粉螨 )所致 ;旧居室及蟑螂多的环境是其发生的危险因素 ;螨性皮炎有明显的居室聚集性。

INVESTIGATION ON ACARODERMATITIS AND ANALYSIS OF ITS RISK FACTORS IN COLLEGE STUDENTS OF SHANGHAI

Objective To probe into the relationships between habitation environment,personal sanitation and students suffering from acarodermatitis in campus. Methods The mite samples were collected from bed mats,and mite species which sealed up by the Puris solution on slice were identificated. Questionnaires were done on types of dormitories,the personal sanitary habits,utility of bed mat and dermatitis of students. Results 23.2% of students suffered with acarodermatitis,among which,female was 35.5 %(38/107),higher than male 9.4%(9/96). The papule of dermatitis was of 6.4 mm on average diameter. They were found on arms 74.5%(35/47),thighs 40.4%(19/47) and waists 27.7%(13/47). Four kinds of mites were identified in mats: dust mites( 35.5 %),Acaridac( Acarus siro )(27.1%),Gamasidmite(8.9%) and Cheyletidae(21.7%) respectively. The highest rate of infection was Gamasidmite 25.5%(12/47) which caused mite dermatits,others including Cheyletidae 55.3%(26/47) ,Acaridac ( A. siro ) 40.4%(19/47). The major risk factor related with habitation environment of bad sanitary,where cockroaches were appeared commonly. The factor was found significant convergency. Conclusion The morbidity rate of acarodermatitis is higher,which is caused mainly by Acaridac ( A. siro ),Gamasidmite and Cheyletidae. Its commonly happened in old chambers and cockroaches-existent environment. Dermatitis has the convergence in living places.