室内污染物暴露对儿童呼吸道症状的影响研究

目的探讨主要室内污染物暴露水平对儿童呼吸道症状的影响。方法以横断面研究中医生确诊的98名中小学生哮喘患者为观察对象,同时选择99名健康学生为对照,研究对象年龄为4～17岁。在冬春季、夏秋季2个时段对儿童居室内常见污染物CO、CO2、NO2、可吸入颗粒（PM10）、甲醛、苯、甲苯进行监测。同时调查儿童家庭社会经济状况、父母哮喘及过敏疾病史、住房特征、室外交通污染等资料,由儿童母亲记录监测后1个月内呼吸道症状的发生次数和发生天数资料,采用Poisson回归模型分析呼吸道症状发生的天数与室内主要污染物暴露水平的联系。结果控制了潜在混杂因素后,哮喘患者喘息症状天数与室内甲醛、甲苯水平增加20μg/m^3有联系;干咳天数与甲醛增加20μg/m^3和NO2增加40μg/m^3有联系;夜间咳嗽天数与甲醛、苯每增加20μg/m^3和NO2增加40μg/m^3有联系;对照组儿童仅夜间咳嗽天数与甲醛暴露水平增加20μg/m^3有联系。结论高水平的室内污染物甲醛、苯、NO2可能会增加哮喘儿童呼吸道症状发作的风险。降低室内甲醛、苯、NO2的水平等干预措施可能会减少儿童哮喘症状的发作。

Association of indoor air pollutants exposure with respiratory symptoms in children

Objective To explore the association of indoor pollutions level with respiratory symptoms of school-aged children.Methods The study comprised 98 asthma cases and 99 controls matched by age,gender,aged 4～17 years.House room carbon dioxide（CO2）,carbon monoxide（CO）,nitrogen dioxide（NO2）,benzene toluene,formaldehyde,and PM10 were measured in summer-autumn and winter-spring.At the same time,we investiged the respiratory symptoms in recent 1 month after measuring.In addition,information of SES,house and classroom location,and parent allergen were collected.Using Poisson regression model,all indoor pollutions were analysed.Results The difference of pollutions level in case and control was not significant except for the case exposed significantly higher formaldehyde level in winter-spring.After adjusting the potential confounders,each 20 μg/m^3 increase indoor formaldehyde was associated significantly with an increase in the number of wheeze,dry cough and night cough.The same increase in toluene was associated significantly with dry cough and night cough.In addition,each 40 μg/m^3 increase in NO2 associated significantly with an increase in the number of dry cough and night cough.Conclusions Higher indoor NO2,toluene,formaldehyde concentrations were associated with increased asthma symptoms in school-aged inner-city children.Interventions aimed at lowering NO2,toluene,formaldehyde level inner city homes may reduce asthma morbidity.