Impedance-gradient electrode reduces skin irritation induced by transthoracic defibrillation |
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Authors: | Dr P F Meyer P D Gadsby D Van Sickle W E Schoenlein K S Foster G P Graber |
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Institution: | (1) Tyco Healthcare Ludlow, Chicopee, MA, USA;(2) Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA;(3) Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA |
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Abstract: | A new type of disposable external defibrillation electrode has been developed to reduce the skin irritation commonly associated
with defibrillation and synchronised cardioversion. This design employs an impedance gradient to reduce the proportion of
current delivered to the electrode periphery. The temperature distribution under the new electrode was compared with that
of four other types of commercially available electrodes after repeated high-energy biphasic defibrillation discharges to
domestic swine. Skin temperature distributions were acquired using non-invasive thermography. Measurements of the maximum
temperature rise at each electrode site, taken 3.6s after the fifth defibrillation discharge, demonstrated that the new impedance-gradient
electrode produced 50–60% less skin heating than two of the three uniform-impedance electrode designs. Histological examination
of erythematous sites excised 24h after defibrillation quantified the associated skin damage using a scoring protocol developed
for this study. In contrast to previous studies, histological examinations demonstrated second-degree skin burns following
defibrillation. The new electrode design, however, induced 44–46% less skin damage than two of the traditional uniform-impedance
electrodes. |
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Keywords: | Defibrillation Electrodes Impedance gradient Skin burns Skin irritation Digital thermography |
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