高血脂症动物模型研究进展

随着人们生活方式的改变,生活质量的不断提高,高血脂症成为现代常见临床疾病。目前对于高血脂症的治疗以药物治疗为主。与西药相比,中药治疗高血脂症的机制复杂,但鲜有不良反应发生。为探究其病理病机,寻找预防和治疗措施,阐明中药治疗高血脂症的优势和特色,需要建立与人类高血脂症相类似的动物模型。动物模型是实验研究的基础,动物模型的建立方法要尽量与病程发展相吻合,动物模型的评价指标也要尽量与临床指标相对应。理想的高血脂症模型应该具备造模方法可重复、操作简单、成本较低、便于推广等特点。目前高血脂症动物模型的研究方法众多,化学诱导是最常用的方法,实验动物主要是大鼠、小鼠,先天性模型和转基因模型较为少用。不同动物的生物特性不同,适合的造模方法也不尽相同。根据实验目的、实验周期、实验技术等因素,选择合适的模型动物和造模方法是高血脂症实验成功的关键。本文对近年来国内外过高血脂症模型动物的选择、造模方法及对应的模型评价指标进行归纳总结,为降脂中药新药开发者研究、选择和建立高血脂症动物模型提供参考。

Progress of Research on Animal Model of Hyperlipidemia

With the change of people''s life style and the improvement of living quality, hyperlipidemia has become a common clinical disease. At present, the treatment of hyperlipidemia is mainly based on drug therapy. As compared with western medicine, the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for treating hyperlipidemia is complicated, but the adverse reactions are fewer. In order to explore its pathological pathogenesis, find prevention and treatment measures, and elucidate the advantages and features of TCM in treating hyperlipidemia, we need to establish an animal model that is similar to human hyperlipidemia. The animal model is the basis for experimental research, so the establishment of the animal model should be consistent with the development of the disease process, and the assessment indicators of the animal model should also correspond to the clinical indicators as far as possible. The ideal hyperlipidemia model should have the characteristics of repeatability, simple operation, low cost, and easy promotion. At present, there are many research methods for animal models of hyperlipidemia, and chemical induction is the most commonly used method. The experimental animals mainly include rats and mice, while the congenital models and transgenic models are rarely used. The biological characteristics of different animals are different, so their modeling methods are also different. According to the experimental objectives, period, techniques and other factors, selecting the right model animal and modeling method are the key to the success of hyperlipidemia experiments. This paper would summarize the recent experimental studies of hyperlipidemia animal models both at home and abroad in terms of animal selection, modeling methods and evaluation indicators of model, which will provide reference and basis for the hypolipidemic developers to study, choose and establish hyperlipidemia animal models.