用CRISPR/Cas9系统消除潜伏的HIV前病毒基因组及其感染细胞的研究进展

艾滋病在全球采用联合抗逆转录病毒治疗后发病率及死亡率呈持续下降趋势,使之成为一种可管理的慢性传染病。但因受各种因素制约,艾滋病仍然是全球一个重要公共卫生问题。HIV/AIDS持续存在的主要原因是现有的治疗无法清除人体中存在的HIV潜伏库,由于这种库的存在,HIV/AIDS患者必须终生使用抗病毒药物来抑制病毒复制和反弹。成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列和相关核酸酶Cas9(CRISPR/Cas9)系统几年前以一种简单、快速及易操作的基因编辑技术问世,多项研究表明其在HIV感染的细胞和在动物模型实验中具有消除或破坏HIV储存库或HIV感染细胞的潜力,可能由此产生治愈HIV/AIDS的方法。本文分析了CRISPR/CAS9系统应用于消除潜伏HIV的结果,并对可能产生的问题和趋势进行了讨论。

Elimination of latent HIV genome and its infected cells by CRISPR/Cas9 system

Abstrct: The incidence and mortality of AIDS have been decreasing after the adoption of combined antiretroviral therapy strategy in the world, then AIDS has become a manageable chronic infectious disease. But HIV / AIDS continues to be a major global public health problem since it is restricted by a variety of factors. The major reason for the persistence of HIV/AIDS is the inability of existing treatments to clear or eradicate the multiple HIV reservoirs that exist in the human body. To suppress the virus replication and rebound, HIV/AIDS patients must take life-long antiviral medications. A few years ago, the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system has been developed as a simple, fast and easy to operate gene-editing technique. Several studies in HIV infected cells and/or in animal models have shown that the system has the potential to eliminate or disrupt HIV-integrated genome or HIV-infected cells from multiple HIV reservoirs, which may result in the complete cure of HIV/AIDS. This paper analyzes the results of CRISPR/CAS9 in the elimination of latent HIV, and discusses the possible problems and trends.