植物挥发油成分分析及抗假丝酵母菌活性的研究进展

侵袭性真菌感染是造成目前临床真菌感染的发病率和死亡率逐年上升的重要原因,其中以假丝酵母菌感染尤为严重。近年来主要的抗真菌药物均发现一定程度的毒副作用,由于临床上抗真菌药物的广泛使用造成耐药性日趋严重,因此迫切需要寻找安全有效的新型抗真菌药物。天然植物成分尤其是植物挥发油多具有抗菌消炎、解热镇痛、抗病毒等多种生物活性,其凭借来源广、低毒、广谱、作用途径多样化等优点成为了抗真菌药物研究开发的热点。植物挥发油的抗假丝酵母菌活性与其中成分及含量紧密相关。该文综述了近年来不同科属的植物挥发油的成分分析及抗假丝酵母菌活性研究,系统归纳总结了唇形科、樟科、桃金娘科等植物挥发油的提取、分析及抗假丝酵母菌活性的研究方法和结果,并对目前的研究方向进行了展望,以期为今后植物挥发油的成分分析和活性研究提供方向,为植物挥发油开发成为新的抗假丝酵母菌药物奠定理论基础,为真菌耐药问题造成的临床难题提供新的解决方案。

Analysis of Chemical Compositions and Antifungal Activity of Plant Essential Oils Against Candida spp

In recent years,the incidence and mortality of clinical fungal infections have been increasing rapidly. Invasive fungal infections,especially candidiasis,have become the major cause. Currently,side effect have been found in many existing antifungal agents to different extents. In addition,with the extensive application of broad-spectrum antifungal agents in clinic,there has been a notable increase in drug resistance. Thus,it is very important to develop new and effective antifungal agents. Natural plant compositions,especially essential oils, have many beneficial biological activities,such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antitumor and analgesic activities. They had already become a hotspot in the research and development of antifungal drugs, because of their advantages, such as wide sources,low toxicity,broad spectrum and diverse functions. The antifungal activity of essential oils is closely related to their components and contents. Therefore,in this paper,the progress of research on analysis of chemical compositions and antifungal activity of essential oils from different families of plants against Candida spp. was reviewed. Extraction and analysis of essential oils from Labiatae,Lauraceae,Myrtaceae and other plants were systematically summarized. Methods and mechanisms of action of anti-Candida activity were investigated. The direction of current studies was also discussed. All of these may provide a direction for the analysis and activity of essential oils in the future and lay the foundation for developing plant essential oils into new anti-Candida agents. It may also provide new solutions for clinical infections caused by drug resistance problems.