棘球蚴(包虫)病预防疫苗的研制与应用

棘球蚴(包虫)病的控制是一个长期的过程。20世纪90年代以前,寄生虫病的防治手段主要是药物防治,但近年来,由于寄生虫耐药风险的增加和不理想的控制效果,以及大面积药物的使用对环境的不良影响等,寄生虫病控制的研究方向逐渐向免疫预防转移。本文从棘球绦虫疫苗研制的策略,中间宿主和终末宿主抗虫疫苗的研制,以及所面临的挑战和机遇等做一综述。在我国,EG95已经大面积接种绵羊用于囊性包虫病的控制。但泡球蚴病病原的传播是循环于犬,狐狸和狼等终末宿主和鼠类之间,终末宿主抗虫疫苗研制是泡球蚴病控制研究的方向之一。

Development and application of vaccines against echinococcosis

Control of echinococcosis (hydatid disease)is a long and complicated task. Before 1990’s, chemotherapy played an important role in control and treatment of helminth diseases. However, since then, vaccine development against helminth diseases has been paid more attention due simply to the risk of drug resistance, less efficacy of control progress and environment impact by largely using drugs. This review summarizes the development of vaccines against the larval and adult stages of Echinococcus. The subunit vaccine EG95 has been successfully developed and been widely used as a control measure in western China. However, given that the lifecycle of Echinococcus multilocularis is maintained in wild animals (sylvatic lifecycle) including small mammals(usually microtine and arvicolid rodents)act as intermediate hosts and dogs/foxes as definitive hosts, a vaccine against the adult worms in the definitive hosts may be one of solution for control of alveolar echinococcosis.