辽吉两省部分鹿场鹿茸皮肤病的临床特征与真菌分离初探

目的 研究探讨生茸期梅花鹿、马鹿在鹿茸快速生长期常发生以“白皮茸”、“痂皮茸”为主要症状的皮肤病。方法 研究对吉林、辽宁8个梅花鹿、马鹿养殖场的20份患病鹿进行了临床观察、血细胞计数、病理观察、病原分离及ITS分子鉴定。结果 发现本病仅侵染鹿茸皮肤表层、主要病变为结痂处真皮组织坏死、炎性细胞浸润; 血液中淋巴细胞、白细胞和中性粒细胞数变化不明显。对茸皮患处分离菌的鉴定结果表明68株分离株中44株属于半知菌亚门(64.7%), 24株属于酵母亚门(35.3%), 其中, 半知菌亚门的毛癣菌属、表皮癣菌属以及酵母亚门的念珠菌等可能为本病的条件致病菌。结论 鹿茸“白皮茸”、“痂皮茸”病均符合真菌皮肤病的发病特征,为该类疾病的预防及治疗提供了一定的参考。

Characterization and fungal community of antler dermophytosis in Jilin and Liaoning provinces

Dermophytosis is a common fungal disease that affects fast-growing antlers of sika deer (Cervus nippon) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), causing the so-called ‘white-skin antlers’ and ‘crusted antlers’. Here we described the features of dermophytosis in deer antler observed from 20 affected deer from 8 farms in Jilin and Liaoning province by clinical findings, hematology, pathological examination and fungal species distribution. The fungal infection in the antlers as indicated by HE staining, affected only epidermis and the dermis layers, with the main lesion of necrosis of the dermis tissue and inflammatory infiltrate. Hematologic profile suggested the insignificant cell count change of lymphocyte, neutrophil, white blood cell between dermophytosis and healthy deer (n=10). A total of 68 fungi isolates were then recovered from the antlers with dermophytosis, of which 64.7% (44/68) were identified as members within Deuteromycotina, the rest 35.3% (24/68) belonged to the Saccharomycotina. Notably, the well-known opportunistic pathogen, including species within Trichophyton, Epidermophyton as well as Candida albican, might account for the dermophytosis of deer antler. In conclusion, ‘white-skin antlers’ and ‘crusted antlers’ are high likely caused by opportunistic fungi.