侧颌颈部真皮下血管网皮瓣的解剖学基础

目的：为侧颌颈部真皮下血管网皮瓣提供形态学基础。方法：①2例新鲜成人尸体头颈部标本，分别灌注红色乳胶及明胶墨汁，切取皮瓣，后者制成透明标本；②在10侧头面部铸型标本上，观测侧颌颈部皮肤和皮瓣蒂部的动脉血管分布及静脉回流。结果：侧颌颈部皮肤血供主要来源于面动脉、颞浅动脉、枕动脉的分支，亦有甲状腺上动脉的终末支分支营养，并具有一定的方向性。其蒂部血供来源于颞浅动脉小穿支形成的真皮下血管网。颞浅动脉和面动脉的小穿支在侧颌颈区相互吻合。结论：侧颌颈部真皮下血管网皮瓣可以依赖于耳前蒂部小穿支真皮下血管网供血成活，但临床应用时应考虑其方向性。

Anatomic basis of the subdermal vascular network flap of the lateral jaw-neck

Objective:To provide anatomic basis for the subdermal vascular network flap of the lateral jaw neck.Methods:(1)Two fresh adult cephal neck specimens were perfused with red latex and china ink respectively.The flap perfused with ink was hyalinized.(2)Vascular distributions of the lateral jaw neck skin were observed on 10 sides cephal facial cast specimens.Results:The blood supply of the lateral jaw neck skin originated mainly from the branches of the facial artery,superficial temporal artery,occipitalis artery and the terminal branches of superior thyroid artery.The vascular distribution presented certain directivity.The blood supply of the pedicel originated from the subdermal vascular network formed by the perforator branches of superficial temporal artery.The arteries from the facial artery and superficial temporal artery anastomosed in the lateral jaw neck.Conclusion:The survivea of the suddernal vascular network flap of lateral jaw neck depend mainly on the subdernal vascular network formed by the perforator branches of pedicel located on the anterior of ear.The directivity must be taken accoun in clinical application.