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Clinical analysis of 16 children infected by leishmania with hemophagocytic syndrome.

??Objective??To investigate the clinical diagnosis treatment and prognosis of young children infected by leishmania with hemophagocytic syndrome ??HPS?? in Xinjiang. Methods??During December 2007and December 2009??16 patients of young children with HPS were hospitalized in the Pediatric Department of the People’s Hospital??Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The data of patients’ habitation?? clinical presentation and laboratory results were reviewed and analyzed. Results??All the 16 patients came from the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang and the diagnosis was supported by laboratory tests. In nine patients??Lidou body ??Leishmania donovani?? were found in bone marrow??and in fourteen patients??serum rK39-ELISA ??rK39?? Leishmania donovani gene expression product?? ELISA?? enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay?? test was positive. The first two cases among these16 patients were misdiagnosed as familial HPS??who had no response to the treatment and died. The other 14 cases were diagnosed as Assam fever caused by visceral leishmania??and sodium antimony gluconate was administered. Fourteenpatients were cured. Conclusion??In the Tarim Basin??in young patients with HPS the visceral leishmania infection should first be considered. Serum rK39-ELISA test is helpful in the diagnosis of Leishmania infection. The HPS Assam fever in young children is often emergent and severe ??the children would die quickly unless an early diagnosis were made and appropriate treatment were given.