儿科护士用药错误现状初探

目的：初步小范围了解儿科护士用药错误现况，为今后扩大研究，规范儿科护士用药，减少用药错误，保证患儿用药安全提供参考。方法：2018年6月，选择哈尔滨市2家三级甲等医院的儿科护士160名，采用自制问卷进行横断面调查，研究对象独立完成问卷。调查内容主要包括三部分：在近6个月内是否发生过用药错误、用药错误发生的类型（12个条目）、用药错误发生的原因（20个条目）。应用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析。结果：近6个月内共有67名（41.88%）儿科护士至少发生过1起用药错误，用药错误的发生在不同性别、职业性质之间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），而与护士对工作的满意度显著相关（P<0.05）。本次调研共发现82例次用药错误，主要包括剂量错误（23.17%）、给药时间错误（19.51%）、输液速度错误（17.07%）；用药错误主要原因为用药知识缺乏（86.88%）、护士短缺（83.75%）、大量病人的多项药物（81.88%）、运算能力差（76.25%）、护士疲劳（61.25%）等。结论：目前我国儿科护士用药错误状况不容乐观，用药错误最常见的类型和原因分别是剂量错误和用药知识缺乏，建立切实可行的儿科护士用药错误防范机制刻不容缓。

Investigation of Medication Errors in Pediatric Nurses

Objective: To preliminarily investigate the current status of medication errors in pediatric nurses, so as to provide reference for future expansion of research, stabilization of medication for pediatric nurses, reduction of medication errors, and ensuring of medication safety for children. Methods: A total of 160 pediatric nurses from two hospitals of grade III, level A in Harbin were selected as research subjects in Jun. 2018. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with self-made questionnaire, and the subjects completed the questionnaire independently. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: whether medication errors occurred in the last 6 months, the types of medication errors (12 items), and the causes of medication errors (20 items). SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 67 pediatric nurses (41.88%) had at least one medication error in the last 6 months, and there was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of medication error between different genders and occupational nature (P>0.05), job satisfaction was significantly correlated (P<0.05). A total of 82 cases of medication errors were found in this survey, mainly including dose errors (23.17%), incorrect administration time (19.51%), and incorrect infusion speed (17.07%). The main reasons for medication errors were lack of medication knowledge (86.88%), shortage of nurses (83.75%), a large number of patients with multiple drugs (81.88%), poor computing ability (76.25%) and fatigue of nurses (61.25%), etc. Conclusion: At present, the situation of medication errors in pediatric nurses in China is not optimistic. The most common types and causes of medication errors are dose errors and lack of medication knowledge. It is urgent to establish a feasible mechanism for the prevention of medication errors in pediatric nurses.