家庭式糖尿病健康教育模式效果评价

目的探讨家庭式糖尿病教育模式对糖尿病患者自我管理水平及疾病的影响。方法将50例2型糖尿病患者家庭随机分为2组,对照组25个家庭(共113人,2型糖尿病患者53例)进行常规治疗及护理;家庭教育组25个家庭(共103人,2型糖尿病患者49例)在对照组基础上采用电话随访、家庭访视等形式,对患者及家庭成员进行健康教育和行为干预。2组均连续3个月。采用密西根糖尿病知识测试问卷(DKT)量表测定2组所有2型糖尿病患者对糖尿病知识的掌握程度,采用糖尿病自我管理量表测定患者自我管理水平,教育后采用自制家庭成员对糖尿病高危因素知识调查表调查家庭成员对糖尿病相关高危因素的了解情况,测定2组教育前后所有2型糖尿病患者血糖、血脂、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)及体质量指数(BMI)变化情况。结果 2组教育后糖尿病患者对糖尿病知识掌握程度和自我管理能力均明显提高(P<0.05),血糖、血脂、HbAlc及BMI均有明显改善(P<0.05),且家庭教育组改善优于对照组(P<0.05)。家庭教育组教育后家庭成员对糖尿病相关高危因素的知晓率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论家庭式糖尿病教育能使患者及家属共同学习掌握糖尿病的基本知识,促进糖尿病患者自我管理能力的提高,提高治疗的依从性。

Evaluation of family model for diabetes health education

Objective To investigate the effect of family model for diabetes health education on diabetes self-management and disease of patients.Methods 50 families with patient of type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups.25 families（113 people,type 2 diabetes 53 cases） in control group received conventional treatment and care,25 families（a total of 103 people with type 2 diabetes 49 cases） in family education group received telephone follow-up home visits and other forms on the basis of control treatment,patients and family members received health education and behavioral intervention.The course was three months in two groups.Mastery of type 2 diabetes patients on the diabetes knowledge was measured by Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test questionnaire（DKT） Scale.Patient self-management level was determined using diabetes self-management scale.The understanding of the situation of family members for diabetes-related risk factors was investigated by homemade family members questionnaire of the risk factors of diabetes knowledge.The changes of blood sugar,blood lipids,glycated hemoglobin（HbAlc） and body mass index（BMI） were observed before and after the education in two groups.Results Mastery of type 2 diabetes patients on the diabetes knowledge and self-management level after education were increased（P0.05）.And the level and mastery in family education group was higher than that in control group（P0.05）.The improvements of blood sugar,blood lipid,HbAlc and BMI in family education group were superior to those in control group（P0.05）.The awareness of related risk factors for diabetes in family education group was significantly higher than that in control group after education（P0.05）.Conclusion Family model for diabetes health education can make patients and their families learn to master the basics of diabetes,to promote the improvement of patients with diabetes self-management skills,improve adherence to treatment.