2007年中国CHINET细菌耐药性监测

目的了解国内主要地区医院临床分离菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性。方法国内主要地区12所教学医院（10所综合性医院，2所儿童医院）临床分离菌采用K—B法按统一方案进行抗菌药物敏感试验。按CLSI 2007版判断结果。结果2007年1—12月收集各医院临床分离株共36001株，其中革兰阳性菌占34．3％，革兰阴性菌占65．7％。金葡菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中甲氧西林耐药株平均为58％和77％。大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属（肺炎克雷伯菌和产酸克雷伯菌）中产ESBLs株平均为55％和45％。葡萄球菌属中甲氧西林耐药株对8内酰胺类抗生素和其他抗菌药的耐药率显著高于甲氧西林敏感株，但仍有约60％80％的菌株对磷霉素、复方磺胺甲嗯唑或利福平敏感，未发现对万古霉素、替考拉宁和利奈唑胺耐药株。肠球菌属中粪肠球菌对多数药物的耐药率低于屎肠球菌，但后者对氯霉素的耐药率仅6％。粪肠球菌对呋喃妥因和磷霉素的耐药率均低于10％。两者中均出现少数对万古霉素和替考拉宁耐药株，经PCR检测27株VRE均系VanA型耐药。大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属（肺炎克雷伯菌和产酸克雷伯菌）、奇异变形杆菌中产ESBLs株对抗菌药的耐药率均比非产ESBLs株高。流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌的产酶率分别为27，4％和96．1％。肺炎链球菌儿童分离株中青霉素不敏感株显著高于成人分离株，两者分别为88．5％和26．4％。肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类仍高度敏感，总耐药率〈1％，其次为阿米卡星、头孢哌酮一舒巴坦。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南耐药率分别为36％和28．5％，不动杆菌属对两者的耐药率分别为40％和35％。米诺环素对嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、伯克霍尔德菌有良好活性，两者的耐药率均低于5％，值得注意。不发酵糖革兰阴性杆菌对抗菌药物的耐药率均显著高于肠杆菌科?

CHINET 2007 surveillance of bacterial resistance in China

Objective To investigate the resistance of clinical isolates from hospitals in several provinces in China. MethodsTen general hospitals and two children's hospitals were involved in this program. Bacterial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method. Results were analyzed according to CLSI 2007. ResultsA total of 36 001 clinical isolates were collected from January through December 2007,of which Gram negative organisms and Gram positive cocci accounted for...