Pulmonary intravascular macrophages metabolize arachidonic acid in vitro. Comparison with alveolar macrophages

Pulmonary intravascular macrophages are a recently identified component of the pulmonary mononuclear phagocyte system. It has been shown that alveolar macrophages are capable of metabolizing arachidonic acid (AA) to its biologically active inflammatory metabolites via the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways. In this study, we have compared the ability of swine intravascular macrophages and alveolar macrophages to metabolize AA in vitro. Alveolar macrophages attached to a plastic substrate produced at least five identified AA metabolites including prostaglandin (PG)F2 alpha, hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHT), 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 12-HETE, and 15-HETE. In contrast, adherent intravascular macrophages produced eight identified metabolites including thromboxane (TX)B2, PGF2 alpha, PGD2, PGE2, HHT, 5-HETE, 12-HETE, and 15-HETE. The major lipoxygenase metabolite produced by both macrophage types was 5-HETE. The major cyclooxygenase metabolite produced by alveolar macrophages was PGF2 alpha, whereas the major metabolite produced by intravascular macrophages was HHT. Both macrophage populations treated with calcium ionophore (A23187) exhibited increased production of PGs, TXB2, leukotriene (LT)B4, 5-HETE, 12-HETE, and 15-HETE, but the most striking increase occurred in metabolism through the lipoxygenase pathway. The major lipoxygenase metabolite generated by ionophore-stimulated macrophages was 5-HETE, and in intravascular macrophages 12-HETE was also produced. Preincubation of macrophages with indomethacin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid attenuated the yield of cyclooxygenase metabolites and lipoxygenase metabolites, respectively. Studies of leukotriene formation demonstrated that both macrophage types produce LTC4 and LTB4 from the leukotriene precursor LTA4. Thus, we show that the pulmonary intravascular macrophage is capable of metabolizing AA and LTA4 to their inflammatory and vasoactive metabolites by the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)