肠道菌群对骨代谢作用机制的研究进展

肠道菌群（gut microbiota, GM）是人体内密度最大的微生物群落，能影响机体的生理病理状态。本文利用中国知网、PubMed等数据库，以GM、骨代谢、骨质疏松等为关键词，检索了近20年国内外相关文献，发现GM可能通过以下途径影响骨代谢：（1）影响钙的吸收、调节宿主的免疫系统和中枢神经系统等；（2）调节其代谢产物（如短链脂肪酸、次胆汁酸、吲哚类衍生物和多胺等）的含量；（3）调节雌激素、胰岛素样生长因子1、5-羟色胺等激素的水平。临床研究表明，粪便微生物群移植、补充益生菌和益生元或调节饮食结构可改善GM的组成，能抑制骨量的下降。因此，GM及其代谢产物可能成为骨质疏松症等骨代谢疾病的防治新靶点。

Recent advances in the action mechanism of gut microbiota on bone metabolism

The gut microbiota (GM) is the most dense microbial community in human body, which can influence the physiological status of the host and plays an important role in maintaining physical health. The literatures from the CNKI and PubMed databases for the past 20 years reveal that GM may influence bone metabolism through the following pathways: (1) Regulating calcium absorption, immune system and central nervous system; (2) Controlling metabolites (such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid, indole derivatives and polyamines) production; (3) Modulating estrogen, insulin-like growth factor 1, 5-hydroxytryptamine and other hormones secretion by retrieving with the keywords including GM, bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Clinical studies support that transplantation of fecal microbiota, supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics or modulation of dietary constituents can improve the GM compositions and inhibit bone loss. Therefore, GM and its metabolites may provide a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and other bone metabolic diseases.