自噬与糖尿病视网膜病变研究进展

糖尿病患者在临床上最为严重的并发症之一为糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)，也是临床上导致糖尿病患者失明的主要原因之一，近年来糖尿病视网膜病变的发病率呈现逐年上涨的趋势，严重威胁到患者的身心健康。自噬是当机体处于物质与能量出现代谢障碍的环境下，由细胞初级溶酶体处理内容性底物的一个非常重要的生理过程，属于机体重要防御机制中的一种。根据相关的临床研究资料表明，自噬能够在一定程度上对糖尿病视网膜病变及周围神经病变、糖尿病肾病等慢性并发症的发生及发展具有延缓作用。自噬与多种糖尿病视网膜病变的相关因素，如氧化应激及缺氧等均存在较为密切的关系。因此，自噬与糖尿病视网膜病变的发病机制成为临床该领域重要的研究课题。

Research progress of autophagy and diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the most serious complicationsand leading causes of blindness for diabetic patients. In recent years, the incidence of DR shows a trend of rising year by year, which is a serious threat to the patients'' physical and mental health. Autophagy is a very important physiological process that the cellular contents are processed by the primary lysosomes when the body is under the environment of substance and energy metabolism disorder. Autophagy belongs to one kind of the body''s important defense mechanisms. According to the related clinical research data, autophagy can delay the occurrence and development of the chronic complications of diabetes to some extent, such as DR, peripheral neuropathy and diabetic nephropathy. There is a close relationship between autophagy and various relative factors of DR, such as oxidative stress and hypoxia. Therefore, the pathogenesis and treatment measures of DR have become critical research topics in clinical practice.