中国膀胱癌发病现状及流行趋势分析

目的探讨我国膀胱癌发病现状及流行趋势。方法收集整理全国肿瘤登记中心1998～2008年登记的膀胱癌数据,包括膀胱癌发病率、发病构成、0～74岁发病累积率和年龄别发病率。分别按性别及城乡差异进行统计,分析中国男性与女性,城市与农村膀胱癌的发病现状和流行趋势。结果 2008年,全国肿瘤登记地区膀胱癌发病率为7.49/10万,占中国恶性肿瘤发病构成的2.50%,0～74岁中国膀胱癌发病累积率为0.52%。分性别统计,2008年中国男性膀胱癌的发病率为11.41/10万,是中国女性膀胱癌发病率(3.51/10万)的3.3倍。分城乡统计,2008年中国城市人口膀胱癌的发病率为8.55/10万,是中国农村人口膀胱癌发病率(3.55/10万)的2.4倍。1998～2008年全国肿瘤登记人口膀胱癌发病率呈现逐年增长趋势,10年间的年均增长率为4.60%。中国男性膀胱癌发病率在10年间的年均增长率为4.76%,略高于女性的4.32%。中国城市人口膀胱癌发病率在10年间的年均增长率为3.90%,低于农村人口的5.64%。膀胱癌发病率随年龄的增长而增加。2008年,中国人膀胱癌发病率在60岁以后超过肾肿瘤,居中国泌尿系恶性肿瘤发病第1位;至85岁以上年龄组膀胱癌发病率达到69.77/10万的峰值。在1998～2008年的10年间,中国膀胱癌年龄别发病率变化趋势不明显。结论中国相对于其他国家而言,膀胱癌发病水平中等。但近10年间,不论是男性还是女性,也不论城市或农村,膀胱癌发病率均呈现逐年增长趋势,应引起重视。

Analysis of the status and trends of bladder cancer incidence in China

Objective To investigate the status and trends of bladder cancer incidence in China. Method The reg- istered bladder cancer data between 1998 and 2008 was collected from the National Cancer Registration Center, including the incidence of bladder cancer, the constituent, the cumulative incidence aged 0 -74, and the age-specific incidence, and then the data were compared statistically by gender and between urban and rural areas. Result In 2008, the overall registered bladder cancer incidence was 7.49/100 000, accounting for 2.50% of total malignant tumors, the cumulative incidence aged 0 -74 was 0. 52%. By gender, the incidence of males was 11.41/100 000, 3.3 times of that of females （3.51/100 000）. By urban-rural difference, the incidence in rural was 8. 55/100 000, 2.4 times of that in urban （3.55/100 000）. During 1998 -2008, the incidence registered was rising, the average annual growth rate was 4. 60% ,and was 4. 76% in males, slightly higher than lhat of females （4.32%）. In rural area, the average annual growth rate was 3.90%, lower than in urban area （5.64%） during 10 years. The incidence was rising along with the increase of age, surpassing that of kidney cancer over age 60, ranking 1st in the Chinese urinary malignant tumor, the incidence over age 85 reached a peak, which was 69. 77/100 000. During 1998 -2008, the age-specific incidence was not obvious. Conclusion China belongs to one of the moderate level countries in the incidence of bladder cancer. But for a decade, the incidence showed a rising Irend for males and females, rural and urban, to which should be paid nlore attention.