昏迷患者气管切开术后气管套管的选择

目的探讨昏迷患者气管切开术后应用不同类型气管套管预防肺部感染的效果。方法将102例昏迷气管切开患者按入院时间分为对照组（50例）和观察组（52例），对照组采用不带气囊的金属气管套管；观察组采用一次性低压气囊气管套管，均予气管切开术后常规护理。两组分别在气管切开后第3天、第15天，从气管套管内留取痰标本进行细菌培养。结果两组气管切开术后第15天细菌阳性率比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）；观察组气管切开术后15d总菌株少于对照组（P〈0．01）；第3天与第15天总菌株比较，对照组差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01），观察组差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。观察组肺部感染率显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论采用一次性低压气囊气管套管能有效降低昏迷气管切开术患者的肺部感染率。

Selection of Tracheal Cannula for Tracheotomy for Cataphora Patients

Objective To examine the effect of different tracheal cannula used for tracheotomy on the pulmonary infection in patients with cataphora. Methods One hundred and two patients receiving tracheotomy were divided into an observation group (n=52) and a control group (n=50) at random. In the observation group, a disposable low-pressure tracheal cannula was used while the in the control group, a metal tracheal cannula without a cuff was used. All the patients were given rountine nursing care after the tracheotomy. The sputum was collected from the tracheal cannula for bacterial culture on the 3rd day and the 15th day after the tracheotomy, respectively. Results There were significant differences in the positive rate of bacteria on the 15th day after the tracheotomy between the two groups (P<0.01). In the observation group, the total number of bacterial strains on the 15th day after the tracheotomy was less than of the control group (P<0.01). The total number of bacteria strains on the 15th day was significant larger that on the 3rd day after the tracheotomy in the control group (P<0.01), which had little difference in the observation group (P>0.05). And in the observation group, the rate of the pulmonary infection of patients was significant lower than the control group after the tracheotomy (P<0.05). Conclusion Use of disposable low-pressure tracheal cannula can effectively reduce the pulmonary infection of patients receiving tracheotomy.