Postoperative hypofractionated radiotherapy versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy in malignant gliomas. A preliminary report on a randomized trial

A prospective randomized study of 108 patients with cerebral malignant gliomas was carried out at the Department of Radiation Oncology of Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Center in Kraków. 44 patients with histologically proven glioblastoma multiforme and 64 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma received postoperative radiotherapy. Patients were randomized to two treatment arms: Conventionally Fractionated Radiotherapy (CFR) and Hypofractionated Radiotherapy (HF). In the CFR group, the whole brain was irradiated to the total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks, then a 10 Gy boost in 5 fractions in 5 days was delivered to the site of the primary lesion. In the HF group, there were 3 courses of irradiation separated by a one month interval. In each of the two first series the patients received 20 Gy in 5 fractions in 5 days to the whole brain, and in the third course, 10 Gy boost in 5 days was delivered as in the CFR regimen. The tolerance to treatment has been found to be good in both groups. The 2-year actuarial survival rate for patients with anaplastic astrocytoma was 22% for CFR and 18% for HF. Patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated with HF had a better prognosis in comparison to the CFR group with the two-year actuarial survival rates being 23% and 10%, respectively. This difference is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.