Susceptibility of young adult and old rats to noise-induced hearing loss

This study was designed to test whether old rats show signs of presbyacusis and whether they would be either similarly or more or less susceptible to noise-induced hearing loss than young adult rats. Old (24 months) and young adult (3-4 months) Wistar rats were exposed to a broad-band noise of 113 dB SPL for a duration of 1 h (producing temporary threshold shifts) or 3 days (12 h noise/12 h quiet; permanent shifts). Auditory brainstem response (ABR), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were measured before and after exposure. At the initial recording (before exposure), old rats demonstrated a small mean ABR threshold elevation, a reduction in amplitude of wave I (WI), a shortening of WI latency and a prolongation of the interpeak interval between WI and WIV, as compared to the young rats. The old rats also demonstrated a small DPOAE amplitude reduction and a reduction of peak-to-peak amplitude in the TEOAE response 2 ms after stimulus, but no reduction in TEOAE energy content between 2 and 4 kHz. These are signs of presbyacusis in the old rats. The noise exposures caused elevations in ABR threshold and reductions in DPOAE amplitude and TEOAE energy content that were similar in both the old and young rats. Their recovery from the noise-induced loss was also similar. Thus, the results of this study show that old and young adult rats, at least when considering clinically relevant intensities and durations of noise exposure, are equally susceptible to the effects of the exposure.