游戏治疗的历史演变与发展取向

游戏治疗起源于精神分析，弗洛依德开创了儿童心理治疗与游戏结合之先河。综观游戏治疗近百年发展的历史，可以发现其大致经历了三个主要发展阶段：精神分析游戏治疗、结构主义游戏治疗、人本主义游戏治疗：逐步形成了两个基本模式：集中性游戏治疗与非指导性游戏治疗。目前，游戏治疗自身正孕育着一场革新：日益强调治疗师的角色特征以及对文化的适应性；游戏的诊断价值与治疗功能的双重变革；短期游戏治疗的兴起；游戏治疗对象的专门化程度日益提高。

Historical Changes and Developmental Orientation of Play Therapy

Play therapy is rooted in psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud was the first person who integrated psychotherapy with play. In a comprehensive view of play therapy's history in the past one hundred years, three main stages can be found: psychoanalytic play therapy, structured play therapy and humanistic play therapy; and two types of children play therapy models are formed progressively: focused play therapy and non-directive play therapy. At present, play therapy is pregnant with innovations: special considerations for the role of play therapists; the double innovations of diagnostic value and therapeutic function; the arise of short-term play therapy; the more special populations in play therapy day by day.