社区健康教育对小儿秋季腹泻的防治效果

目的观察社区健康教育对0～3岁婴幼儿秋季腹泻的防治效果。方法选择深圳市宝安区某街道辖区具有可比性的A和B两个社区,A社区采用健康教育干预,对照组B社区不进行健康教育干预。干预组A社区随机随访115名0～3岁婴幼儿看护人,对照组B社区随访随访94名0～3岁婴幼儿看护人。分别在干预前后,采用自主设计的调查表当面或电话询问A社区及B社区0～3岁婴幼儿看护人的腹泻病卫生知识、卫生行为形成情况。在干预结束后3个月调查两社区0～3岁婴幼儿秋季腹泻病的罹患率。结果干预组A社区0～3岁婴幼儿看护人干预前后对秋季腹泻知识差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,而对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;干预组A社区0～3岁婴幼儿看护人干预前后秋季腹泻喂养行为变化差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,而对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;干预结束后3个月,干预组A社区罹患率为17.83%（25/129）,而对照组B社区为48.08%（45/104）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=15.64,P〈0.01）。结论社区健康教育干预可明显改善0～3岁婴幼儿看护人秋季腹泻的知识、态度、行为,并有效降低秋季腹泻的罹患率。

Results of community health education on autumn diarrhea in infants

Aim To observe the results of community health education on autumn diarrhea in infants aged 0～3 years. Methods Commuity A consisted of 115 caregivers of infants 0～3 years and community B consisted of 94 caregivers of 0 ～3 years in Bao＇an District in Shenzhen were chosen. Health education was conducted in community A and community B was taken as control without health education.Self-desired questionnaire survey or telephone survey of health knowledge of diarrhea and the health behavior of caregivers were conducted before and 3 months after the intervention. The incidence ofdiarrhea in infants was also surveyed. Results There are significant differences in clinical manifestation,three principles of family therapy and prevention knowledge of Autumn diarrhea of caregivers of infants aged 0～3 in community A before and after intervention （P〈0.01）.There were statistically significant changes in feeding behaviors of autumn diarrhea before and after intervention of caregivers of infants aged 0～3 in community A （P〈0.01） while there was no significant difference in the control group （P〉0.05）. 3 months after the intervention the incidence rates of dairrhea in community A and B were 17.83%（25/129）and 48.08%（45/104）,showing statistical significance （χ^2 =15.64,P〈 0.01）. Conclusion Community health education could significantly improve knowledge,attitude ,behavior of caregivers of infants aged 0～3 ,and reduce the incidence rate of diarrhea.